Chapter 15

Question 1

Dentition

Answer 1

The natural teeth in the jaws

Question 2

Permanent Dentition

Answer 2

(Adult teeth) Incisors (central and lateral), canines, premolars, and molars

Question 3

The 3 Dentition Periods

Answer 3

Primary, mixed, permanent

Question 4

Primary Dentition Period

Answer 4

• Begins with eruption of primary mandibular
  incisors
• Ends with eruption of first permanent tooth
• Occurs approx. 6 months - 6 years of age

Question 5

Mixed Dentition Period

Answer 5

• Follows primary dentition period
• Transitional stage where both primary and
  permanent teeth are in the mouth
• Occurs approx. 6 years - 12 years of age

Question 6

Permanent Dentition Period

Answer 6

• Follows mixed dentition period
• Only permanent teeth present in the mouth
• Occurs approx. 12 years of age

Question 7

Quantity of Permanent Teeth

Answer 7

32 teeth
- 8 incisors (4 central and 4 lateral)
- 4 canines
- 8 premolars
- 12 molars (4 1st molars, 4 2nd molars, and 4 3rd molars)

Question 8

Anterior teeth

Answer 8

Front teeth (includes incisors and canines)

Question 9

Posterior teeth

Answer 9

Back teeth (includes premolars and molars)

Question 10

Occlusion

Answer 10

The method by which the mandibular teeth come into contact with the maxillary teeth

Question 11

Midline

Answer 11

An imaginary vertical plane that divides the teeth into two approximately equal right and left halves

Question 12

Quadrants

Answer 12

The dental arches are divided into 4
sections (the right and left
half of the maxillary arch, and the
right and left half of the
mandibular arch

Question 13

Sextants

Answer 13

Dividing each arch into thirds instead of halves
gives you 6 sections, as opposed to 4

Question 14

D-A-Q-T System

Answer 14

DAQT is a system of describing
individual teeth
* D - Dentition (Primary or Permanent)
* A - Arch (Maxillary or Mandibular)
* Q - Quadrant (Right or Left)
* T - Tooth (Central/Lateral Incisor, Canine, 1st /2nd Premolar, 1st /2nd /3rd Molar)

Question 15

Function of Incisors

Answer 15

Cut food

Question 16

Function of Canines

Answer 16

Piercing, tearing, ripping
Extremely strong, deeply
anchored

Question 17

Function of Premolars

Answer 17

Breaking food up into
smaller pieces, chewing

Question 18

Function of Molars

Answer 18

Chewing (aka mastication)
Most chewing occurs here

Question 19

Universal Numbering System

Answer 19

• Primary teeth are designated using consecutive letters A through T
• Permanent teeth are designated using consecutive numbers 1 through 32
• Begin on maxillary right, moving clockwise, ending with mandibular right
• Each tooth has a unique letter or number assigned only to that tooth

Question 20

International Numbering System (aka
Federation Dentaire Internationale (FDI)
System)

Answer 20

• Teeth are designated a 2-number code
• First digit indicates the quadrant a tooth is in
• Permanent teeth have quadrants 1, 2, 3, 4
• Primary teeth have quadrants 5, 6, 7, 8
• Second digit indicates the tooth’s position in the quadrant
• Permanent teeth have positions 1 through 8
• Primary teeth have positions 1 through 5

Question 21

Palmer Notation

Answer 21

• System used during orthodontic treatment
• Quadrants are identified using a unique symbol (┘, └ ,┐ ,┌)
• Numbers indicate the tooth’s position in the quadrant (1 through 8) for permanent teeth
• Letters indicate the tooth’s position in the quadrant (A through E) for primary teeth

Question 22

Crown

Answer 22

Top part of a tooth

Question 23

Anatomic Crown

Answer 23

The part of a tooth covered by enamel

Question 24

Clinical Crown

Answer 24

The part of the crown that is visible and not covered by gingiva

Question 25

Neck

Answer 25

Constricted area between the crown and the root of a tooth

Question 26

Root

Answer 26

The part of the tooth that sits in the bony socket (alveolus), anchors the tooth

Question 27

Enamel

Answer 27

Covers the anatomic crown of the tooth, is the hardest substance in the body, and is somewhat translucent

Question 28

Cementum

Answer 28

Covers the root of the tooth, very thin, not as hard as enamel, similar hardness to bone

Question 29

Dentin

Answer 29

Lies beneath the enamel and cementum, makes up the major portion of the tooth. Much softer than enamel.

Question 30

Pulp

Answer 30

Where the nerves and vessels that supply the tooth are housed

Question 31

Cementoenamel Junction (CEJ)

Answer 31

Where the enamel of the crown and cementum of the root meet, an external line at the neck of the tooth

Question 32

Facial

Answer 32

Tooth surface closest to the surface of the face

Question 33

Lingual

Answer 33

The facial surface of anterior teeth, near the lips

Question 34

Buccal

Answer 34

The facial surface of posterior teeth, near the cheeks

Question 35

Lingual (Palatal)

Answer 35

Tooth surface closest to the tongue

Question 36

Occlusal/Incisal

Answer 36

The chewing surface of the teeth. Incisal is anterior and Occlusal is posterior

Question 37

Mesial

Answer 37

Tooth surface closest to the midline

Question 38

Distal

Answer 38

Tooth surface furthest from the midline

Question 39

Proximal

Answer 39

The surface of a tooth that is next to an adjacent tooth

Question 40

Interproximal

Answer 40

The area between two adjacent teeth

Question 41

Contact Area

Answer 41

The area where the crowns of adjacent teeth physically contact one another

Question 42

Embrasure

Answer 42

The curvatures next to the contact areas of adjacent teeth

Question 43

Line Angle

Answer 43

A line angle is formed by the lines that are created at the junction of two surfaces

Question 44

Horizontal Thirds (Crown)

Answer 44

Incisal/Occlusal, Middle, Cervical

Question 45

Vertical Thirds (Crown)

Answer 45

Mesial, Middle, Distal OR Buccal/Labial, Middle, Lingual

Question 46

Horizontal Thirds (Root)

Answer 46

Apical, Middle, Cervica