Chapters 1 & 2 Flashcards
(134 cards)
1
Q
Anatomic Nomenclature
A
Based on the body being in anatomic position (Body standing erect, arms to sides, palms and toes facing forward, eyes looking forward
2
Q
Anterior
A
The front of an area
3
Q
Posterior
A
The back of an area
4
Q
Superior
A
Toward the head, upper
5
Q
Inferior
A
Toward the feet, lower
6
Q
Ventral
A
Directed towards the anterior
7
Q
Dorsal
A
Directed towards the posterior
8
Q
Median plane
A
Divides body equally into right and left halves, aka midsagittal plane
9
Q
Sagittal plane
A
Parallel to median plane, divides body into right and left, not equal halves
10
Q
Frontal plane
A
Divides body into anterior and posterior parts
11
Q
Horizontal plane
A
Divides body into superior and inferior parts, aka transverse plane
12
Q
Lateral
A
Farther from the median plane
12
Q
Medial
A
Closer to the median plane
13
Q
Proximal
A
Closer to the median plane
14
Q
Distal
A
Farther from the median plane
15
Q
Ipsilateral
A
Structure on the same side of the body
16
Q
Contralateral
A
Structure on the opposite side of the body
17
Q
Superficial
A
Toward the surface of the body
18
Q
Anatomic variation
A
The size, shape, and exact placement of muscles and bones vary from person to person
19
Q
Frontal Region
A
Includes the forehead and the area above the eyes
19
Q
Deep
A
Inward, away from the surface of the body
20
Q
Glabella
A
Smooth elevated area between the eyebrows
20
Q
Frontal eminence
A
Prominence of the forehead
21
Q
Supraorbital ridge
A
Directly inferior to each eyebrow
22
Orbital Region
Includes the eyeball and its supporting structures
23
Orbit
The bony socket of the eye, formed by various skull bones
24
Sclera
The whites of the eyes
25
Iris
Central area of coloration of the eye
26
Pupil
The opening at the center of the iris
27
Lacrimal fluid
Tears
28
Conjunctiva
A thin membrane lining the inside of the eyelids and front of the eyeball
29
Lateral canthus
Laterally, where the upper and lower eyelids meet
30
Medial canthus
Medially, where the upper and lower eyelids meet
31
Nasal Region
Main feature is the external nose
32
Root of the nose
Located between the eyes
33
Nasion
Inferior to the labella, a landmark that corresponds with the junction of underlying bones
34
Bridge of the nose
Inferior to the nasion
35
Naris
Nostril (plural is nares)
36
Nasal septum
At the midline, separating the nares
37
Ala
Winglike cartilaginous structure bordering the nares
38
Infraorbital Region
Located inferior to the orbital region and lateral to the nasal region
39
Zygomatic Region
Located lateral to the infraorbital region and overlies the cheekbone
40
Zygomatic arch
Cheekbone
41
Temporomandibular joint (TMJ)
Where the upper skull forms a joint with the lower jaw
42
Buccal Region
Composed of the soft tissue of the cheek
43
Masseter muscle
Large muscle in the cheek, can be felt when teeth are clenched
44
Parietal and Occipital Region
Both regions covered by scalp, and defined by the deeper skull bones
45
Temporal Region
Includes the temple - superficial side of the head posterior to each eye, defined by deeper skull bones
46
Auricular Region
Prominent feature is the external ear
47
Auricle
The oval flap of the ear
48
External acoustic meatus
External opening of the "ear canal"
49
Helix
Superior and posterior free margin of auricle
50
Lobule
Fleshy protuberance of the earlobe
51
Tragus
Small flap of tissue anterior to the external acoustic meatus
52
Mental Region
Major feature is the chin
53
Mandible
The bone underlying the mental region
54
Mandibular symphysis
Midline of the mandible
55
Anterior cervical triangle
Submandibular, submental, carotid, and muscular triangles
56
Posterior cervical triangle
Subclavian and occipital triangle
57
Submandibular triangle
Bordered by the mandible, the anterior and posterior bellies of the digastric muscle
58
Submental triangle
A midline triangle, bordered by the left and right anterior belly of the digastric muscle and the hyoid bone
59
Muscular triangle
Bordered by the superior belly of the omohyoid muscle, the hyoid bone, and the sternocleidomastoid muscle
60
Carotid triangle
Bordered by the superior belly of the omohyoid muscle, the posterior belly of the digastric muscle, and the sternocleidomastoid muscle
61
Subclavian triangle
Bordered by the inferior belly of the omohyoid muscle, the sternocleidomastoid, and the clavicle
62
Occipital triangle
Bordered by the inferior belly of the omohyoid muscle, the sternocleidomastoid, and the trapezius muscle
63
Facial
Structures and surfaces closest to the front
64
Labial
Structures and surfaces facing towards the lips
65
Buccal
Structures and surfaces facing towards the cheeks
66
Lingual
Structures and surfaces facing towards the tongue
67
Palatal
Structures and surfaces facing towards the palate
68
Maxillary
Relating to the upper, or the maxilla
69
Mandibular
Relating to the lower jaw, or the mandible
70
71
Oral vestibules
Space between the inside of your lips/cheeks and your teeth
72
Oral muscosa
Mucous membrane lining
73
Buccal mucosa
Covers a dense pad of underlying fat tissue called the buccal fat pad
74
Labial mucosa
Lining the inner parts of the lips
75
Parotid papilla
Elevated portion of buccal tissue that protects the parotid duct, a salivary gland
76
Labial frenum
A fold of tissue located at the midline of both upper and lower arches
77
Maxilla
Upper jaw, consisting of two maxillary bones that come together at the midline; nonmovable
78
Maxillary sinuses
Two large, pyramid-shaped cavities in the maxillary bones, located in the cheek area next to the nose
79
Mandible
Lower jaw, a single bone with movable articulation
80
Alveolar process
(aka alveolar bone) the bony extension for both maxilla and mandible that contain each tooth socket (aka alveolus)
81
Maxillary arch (dental arch)
The maxillary alveolar process with the teeth (these are the maxillary teeth)
82
Mandibular arch (dental arch)
The mandibular alveolar process with the teeth
83
Maxillary tuberosity
Tissue-covered elevation in the bone distal to the last tooth in the maxillary arch
84
Retromolar pad
Dense pad of tissue located distal to the last tooth of the mandibular arch
85
Anterior teeth
Teeth in the front of the mouth (incisors and canines)
86
Posterior teeth
Teeth in the back of the mouth (premolars and molars)
87
Gingiva
Soft tissue surrounding the maxillary and mandibular teeth, covering the alveolar process, aka GUMS
88
Attached gingiva
Gingiva that tightly adheres to the alveolar process surrounding the roots of the teeth
89
Mucogingival junction
Line of demarcation between attached gingiva and alveolar mucosa
90
Marginal gingiva
Aka free gingiva, found at the margin of each tooth. Forms a cuff of tissue above the neck of the tooth.
91
Free gingival crest
The most coronal (nearest the crown of the tooth) part of the marginal gingiva is called the free gingival crest
92
Free gingival groove
Separates the marginal gingiva from the attached gingiva
93
Interdental papilla
The gingival tissue between adjacent teeth
94
Oral cavity proper
The inside of the mouth; the structures within the dental arches. BOUNDARIES: Anteriorly laterally by the teeth and gums, superiorly by the palate, inferiorly by the floor of the mouth, posteriorly by the opening into the pharynx
95
Fauces
The opening from the oral cavity to the pharynx or throat. Formed laterally by the anterior faucial pillar and the posterior faucial pillar
96
Faucial pillars
Folds of tissue created by underlying muscles
97
Palatine tonsils
Located between the faucial pillars
98
Palate
AKA the roof of the mouth. Separates the oral cavity from the nasal cavity
99
Hard palate
Bony, anterior portion of the palate
100
Incisive papilla
Small bulge of tissue lingual to max. anterior teeth
101
Palatine rugae
Firm ridges of tissue radiating posteriorly from incisive papilla
102
Median palatine raphe
Midline ridge of tissue running the full length of the palate
103
Soft palate
Softer, posterior part of the palate, more yellow in color
104
Uvula
Midline muscular structure hanging from the midline of the soft palate
105
Pterygomandibular fold
Extends from the junction of hard and soft palate down to the mandible
106
Tongue
Prominent feature of the oral cavity proper, and the strongest muscle in the body
107
Base (tongue)
Posterior 1/3 of tongue, attaches to the floor of the mouth. Base of the tongue lies in the throat rather than in the oral cavity proper
108
Body (tongue)
Anterior 2/3 of the tongue that lies within the oral cavity proper
109
Apex
Tip of the tongue
110
Dorsal surface of the tongue
Top of the tongueq
111
Median lingual sulcus
Midline depression of the tongue
112
Lingual papillae
Small elevated structures of specialized mucosa
113
Sulcus terminalis
Located far posteriorly, inverted v-shape groove. Separates the base of the tongue from the body of the tongue.
114
Foremen cecum
A small, pit-like depression at the tip of the inverted V that makes up the sulcus terminalis
115
Lateral surface of the tongue
Sides of the tongue
116
Lingual tonsil
Irregularly shaped mass of tissue located on the base of the tongue
117
Foliate lingual papillae
Vertical ridges on the lateral borders of the tongue
118
Filiform papillae
Most numerous of the lingual papillae. Fine, small, cone-shaped papillae found on the anterior surface of the tongue. Responsible for giving the tongue its texture and the sensation of touch.
119
Fungiform papillae
Reddish, small, mushroom-shaped. Contain tastebuds and play a key role in taste perception
120
Circumvallate papillae
10-14 larger, circular in shape. Lined up anterior to the sulcus terminalis
121
Foliate papillae
Vertical ridges on the lateral borders of the tongue
122
Floor of the mouth
Located in the oral cavity proper, inferior to the ventral surface of the tongue
123
Lingual frenum
Anterior midline fold of tissue connecting the ventral tongue and the floor of the mouth
124
Sublingual fold
V-shaped configuration extending from lingual frenum to base of tongue. Represents underlying sublingual salivary gland
125
Sublingual caruncle
Small bulges of tissue near lingual frenum which contain openings for the submandibular and sublingual ducts
126
Submandibular duct
Wharton duct - opening to submandibular salivary gland
127
Sublingual duct
Bartholin duct - opening to sublingual salivary gland.
128
Pharynx
Muscular tube with both respiratory and digestive functions
129
Nasopharynx
Superior to the soft palate, continuous with the nasal cavity
130
Oropharynx
Between the soft palate and the opening of the larynx. Considered the "oral portion" of the pharynx
131
Laryngopharynx
More inferior division of the pharynx
