Chapter 15

Question 1

Natives of the plains (southwest) relied on ___ as food source

Answer 1

Buffalo

Question 2

Natives tribes of the southwest

Answer 2

Lakotas, Pawnees, O’odham, Apache, Navaho

Question 3

O’odham response to foreigners

Answer 3

Traded, aided in raids against Apache

Question 4

Natives of the plains (northwest) relied on ___ as food source

Answer 4

Salmon

Question 5

What did northwest natives do?

Answer 5

Develop technology to harvest fish (stream division), trade with foreigners

Question 6

Buffalo massacre of the 1800s causes

Answer 6

Railroad bounties, native hunting for trade, dry years forced natives (and later whites) to settle in river basins, animal diseases brought by settlers

Question 7

Decline of Salmon

Answer 7

Commercial fishers 1860-1870 fished salmon before egg laying

Question 8

Reservation policy

Answer 8

Natives defined as wards and not citizens; competition for land made reservations difficult to keep in tact; lines drawn badly

Question 9

Young Joseph

Answer 9

Led Nez Percé in 1877 to flee reservation; surrendered after 1800 miles

Question 10

Navajo Long walk

Answer 10

1860 Navajo attacked Arizona, military forced them to walk to new mexico (1863-1864)

Question 11

Sandy Creek massacre

Answer 11

1864 white attacked Cheyenne band

Question 12

Little Big Horn

Answer 12

1876, Lakotas + Cheyenne VS Colonel Custer. Natives starved into submission.

Question 13

Indian humanitarianism and reform

Answer 13

~1880, Our Indian Wards by Manypenny, A Century of Dishonor by Helen Hunt Jackson, comparison with Canadian treatment

Question 14

WNIA

Answer 14

Women’s National Indian Association; sought to use nurture and compassion to gradual assimilation

Question 15

IRA

Answer 15

Indian Right Association. Thought natives inferior and could only succeed by embracing middle class ideals of diligence and education.

Question 16

Zitkala-Sa

Answer 16

“Red Bird”, used white education system to advantage; wrote Old Indian Legends

Question 17

Dawes Severalty Act

Answer 17

1887; reversal of reservation policies; dissolution of property; gov held in trust for 25 years so could not sell, citizenship to those who accepted land; gov can sell unalloted land

Question 18

Ghost Dance

Answer 18

religious native movement to return to pre settlement

Question 19

Wounded Knee

Answer 19

Massacre in 1890s; starving Lakotas assumed to be armed and planning revolt

Question 20

Anaconda Copper Company

Answer 20

Bought claims to discovered minerals in the west

Question 21

Timber and Stone act (1878)

Answer 21

Buy 160 acres of land for settlement; lumber companies essentially used alts to round it all up

Question 22

Los Angles and Houston

Answer 22

Cities founded due to oil discovery

Question 23

Riparian rights

Answer 23

Inherited from England; water “belongs to god”; those living near can use but not diminish flow

Question 24

Prior appropriation

Answer 24

Used in the west; first finder = owner of water

Question 25

California solution

Answer 25

At first mixed water law, 1887 separated into independent districts to operate irrigation projects from taxes

Question 26

Newlands reclamation act

Answer 26

Allowed gov to sell 160s for irrigation projects

Question 27

Mexican immigrants to the west

Answer 27

Often cheated out of property rights guaranteed in Guadalupe Hidalgo; become wage workers in cities

Question 28

Exodusters

Answer 28

Emancipated Africans who moved north/midwest for opportunities

Question 29

Protestant missions in the west

Answer 29

Helped sponsor settlement of Oregon. EX: Home mission movement

Question 30

Women's missions in the west

Answer 30

mid 19th women broke away from male dominated missionaries and formed their own

Question 31

Miscegenation laws

Answer 31

stop Chinese and Japanese men from marrying white women

Question 32

Admissions of new states int he west

Answer 32

NS Dakota, Washing, Montana (republican states by republicans); Wyoming and Idaho (women vote); Utah (delayed; want mormons to abandon polygamy)

Question 33

Homestead act

Answer 33

1862; settle and improve

Question 34

Montgomery Ward, Sears, Roebuck

Answer 34

Brought westerners closer to consumer society

Question 35

RFD

Answer 35

Rurarl Free Delivery; westerners can receive mail from roadside mailbox rather than town

Question 36

Mechanization of agriculture

Answer 36

...it happened i guess

Question 37

Morrill Land Grant Act

Answer 37

1862 Federal lands to sell for research

Question 38

Hatch Act

Answer 38

1887 agricultural experimentation stations in every state

Question 39

Railroad land grants

Answer 39

180 million granted to rail roads to fund construction

Question 40

Vaqueros

Answer 40

Indigenous and Mexicans as cowboys; moved from mexico and taught white/AA skills

Question 41

Open range ranching

Answer 41

Bought near river land and released cattle on nearby unwanted public land; technically illegal

Question 42

Barbed wire

Answer 42

1872 Joseph Glidden; allowed farmers to draw lines basically

Question 43

Closing of the southern range

Answer 43

Powerful landowners used governments to require fencing in of animals

Question 44

2 Causes of shift to commercial farming in the south

Answer 44

Debt needs cash, railroads allowed easy cotton transport

Question 45

Southern Cotton industry growth

Answer 45

1870s to 1900 cotton mills rivals New England; low taxes, northern investment; powered by rivers

Question 46

Cigarette factories southern growth

Answer 46

Low pay to workers, banned criticism to factory management to stop unions