Chapter 16

Question 1

Thomas Edison

Answer 1

Founder of the first industrial research company (invention factory)

Question 2

George Westinghouse

Answer 2

Transfered electricity over long distances by alternating currents

Question 3

Granville T. Woods

Answer 3

African American engineer know as “the Black Edison”

Question 4

Henry Villard, J. P. Morgan

Answer 4

Bought patents from woods; merged equipment manufacturing companies into the General Electric Company; Research laboratories for practical inventions

Question 5

Henry Ford

Answer 5

Combustion engines in propelling vehicles; broke manufacturing up into small simple repetitive tasks

Question 6

Andre Carnegie

Answer 6

Incorporated the Bessemer process; sold Carnegie steel company to J. P. Morgan 1901

Question 7

E. I. du Pont

Answer 7

Manufactured gunpowder; pioneered industrial chemistry; cellulose; developed new methods of management and recording keeping

Question 8

James B. Duke

Answer 8

American Tobacco Company; machinery for making cigs

Question 9

2 factors that allowed southern textiles to surpass northern

Answer 9

Cheap labor, electric powered mills vs water powered

Question 10

William K. Kellogg and Charles W. Post

Answer 10

Dietary reformers; corn flakes and grape nuts; most workers no longer suffered malnutrition

Question 11

John D. Rockefeller

Answer 11

Standard Oil; Horizontal integration with oil refineries

Question 12

Morrison R. Waite

Answer 12

Chief justice; 1886 decided that corporations’ property cannot be deprived with process of law

Question 13

Gustavus Swift’s Chicago meat-processing operation

Answer 13

Holding company + vertical integration

Question 14

Lester Ward

Answer 14

Human control of nature; rejected social darwinism

Question 15

Henry George

Answer 15

Proposal to replace all taxes with “single tax” on the rise in property values

Question 16

Edward Bellamy

Answer 16

“Nationalism”; government own means of production

Question 17

Sherman Anti-Trust Act

Answer 17

1890, ironically deemed unions as “restraint of trade”; states not powerful enough to ban trusts on their own; SC filled with business allies

Question 18

Frederick W. Taylor

Answer 18

Advocated for efficiency by less workers and faster work; 1898 applied steel company; “Scientific management”; little respect for workers

Question 19

Muller v Oregon

Answer 19

1908: Law regulating women working hours was legal because child bearing is “object of public interest”; confined women to low paying jobs

Question 20

Railroad strikes of 1877

Answer 20

Lay offs and wage cuts; state militia and federal troops involved

Question 21

Knights of Labor

Answer 21

Welcomed everyone but Ching Chong; Wanted worker owned production

Question 22

Railroad strikes of 1886

Answer 22

Jay Gould refused to negotiate with knights; knights defeated and died out after

Question 23

Haymarket Square

Answer 23

Workers struck for 8 hour work day 1886; bombing; Knights blamed

Question 24

AFL

Answer 24

American Federation of Labor; only white men; accepted capitalism and thought to thrive within it

Question 25

Samuel Gompers

Answer 25

leader of AFL

Question 26

Homestead Strike

Answer 26

1892; Carnegie's Homestead Steel over wage cuts; AFL; Pinkerton hired

Question 27

Pullman Strike

Answer 27

American railway union 1894; cut wages without reducing rents in industrial town

Question 28

Eugene Debs

Answer 28

Led American Railway Union

Question 29

WFM

Answer 29

Western Federation of Miners; struck after hours increased without increasing pay; reduced back to 8 hours

Question 30

IWW

Answer 30

Unskilled workers; Wobblies; workers should seize industry

Question 31

International Ladies Garment Workers' Union

Answer 31

Jewish female immigrant shirtwast workers. Uprising of the 20,000

Question 32

Uprising of the 20,000

Answer 32

Got shorter workdays and higher wages; did not get workplace safety

Question 33

Bread and Roses

Answer 33

Women involved strike in 1912 against textile owners in Massachusetts

Question 34

WTUL

Answer 34

Women's trade union league (1903), supported strikes, education activities, and suffrage. Vital link between labor and women's movement

Question 35

Nonunionized workers coped with industrialism by:

Answer 35

Joining societies that provided services such as life insurance for a small fee

Question 36

Japanese Ken societies and Chinese loan associations

Answer 36

Cultural retention; sponsored holiday celebrations/helped members start business

Question 37

Chinese exclusion act

Answer 37

suspend immigration of chinese laborers 1882

Question 38

Geary act

Answer 38

1892 required Chinese Americans to carry certificates of residence

Question 39

Barrios

Answer 39

Segregated districts for Mexicans

Question 40

Jacob Riis

Answer 40

"How the other half lives", society should help poor people more

Question 41

Political machines/Bosses

Answer 41

exchanged services for votes; Process graft (public contracts controlled; business expected to pay back some)

Question 42

Jane Addams and Florence Kelley

Answer 42

Led social reform: EX safer food, playgrounds, school nurses

Question 43

City beautiful movement

Answer 43

Planners disagreed on whether this would help; governments nor business could finance this

Question 44

NAACP

Answer 44

National Association for the Advancement of Colored People; 1909; protested against Birth of a Nation

Question 45

Yellow journalism

Answer 45

Clickbaity disaster stories on news paper beginning in 1883