chapter 15 Flashcards
(30 cards)
What is a symptom of disease?
A subjective experience reported by the patient, such as pain or fatigue.
What is a sign of disease?
An objective, measurable indicator of disease, such as fever or rash.
Diseases that can easily spread from person to person are ________.
Contagious diseases
Diseases that can spread from animals to people are ________.
Zoonotic diseases
What is a true pathogen?
An organism that can cause disease in a healthy host.
What is an iatrogenic disease?
A disease caused by medical procedures or treatments.
What is a nosocomial disease?
An infection acquired in a healthcare setting.
What is the order of the five stages of infectious disease?
Incubation, prodromal, illness, decline, convalescence.
What period of disease describes when the patient begins to feel general signs and symptoms?
Prodromal period
During which period of disease is a patient most susceptible to developing a secondary infection?
Decline period
Why are Koch’s postulates important to microbiology?
They help establish a causal relationship between a microbe and a disease.
Molecular Koch’s postulates are used to identify which characteristic of pathogens?
Specific genes that contribute to a microbe’s ability to cause disease (virulence factors).
What is the definition of pathogenicity?
The ability of a microorganism to cause disease.
Be able to look at graph and determine ID50 and LD50.
ID50: dose that causes infection in 50% of subjects; LD50: dose that kills 50% of subjects.
What is the relationship between ID50 and infectiousness?
A lower ID50 means the pathogen is more infectious.
What factors can result in a species from the microbiota causing disease?
Changes in microbiota balance, immune suppression, or entry into sterile body sites.
Which is an example of parenteral entry?
Injection through a needle or puncture wound.
How are symptoms of an infection associated with the mode of transmission of the pathogen?
They often reflect the route of transmission (e.g., coughing with respiratory pathogens).
Which portal of exit will a bloodborne pathogen likely use?
The blood (via injury, insect bite, or needle use).
What is the condition in which blood contains actively dividing bacteria?
Septicemia
What are adhesins?
Molecules on pathogens that allow them to attach to host cells.
What virulence factor is used by pathogens to obtain iron from the body?
Siderophores
What is the toxic component of endotoxin?
Lipid A (part of lipopolysaccharide in Gram-negative bacteria).
