Chapter 15

Question 1

What is the built-in delivery service used for moving substances around your body?

Answer 1

The circulatory system

Question 2

Your circulatory system plays a vital role in helping your body maintain what?

Answer 2

Homeostasis

Question 3

What happens to the nutrients obtained to your digestive system that are not transported to cells?

Answer 3

They run out of energy and shut down

Question 4

What is the powerful pump in the circulatory system?

Answer 4

The heart

Question 5

What is the heart made out of?

Answer 5

Involuntary cardiac muscle

Question 6

How many times does your heart beat per minute on average?

Answer 6

70 times

Question 7

How many chambers are in the heart?

Answer 7

4

Question 8

What are the atria?

Answer 8

The upper chambers of the heart

Question 9

What are the ventricles?

Answer 9

The lower chambers of the heart

Question 10

How does the blood travel through your body?

Answer 10

Through a closed system of vessels

Question 11

What are arteries?

Answer 11

Arteries are the blood vessels leading away from the heart

Question 12

What are veins?

Answer 12

The blood vessels leading toward the heart

Question 13

What are capillaries?

Answer 13

The smallest blood vessels in your body

Question 14

Your respiratory system supplies what vital substance for your body?

Answer 14

Oxygen

Question 15

A certain amount of what helps regulate the chemistry of your blood?

Answer 15

Carbon dioxide

Question 16

Too much carbon dioxide can be what?

Answer 16

Toxic

Question 17

What is the nasal cavity?

Answer 17

The area inside the nose that warms and moisten incoming air

Question 18

What is the pharynx?

Answer 18

It connects the passages of your nose and mouth to the passage-way that leads to your stomach, your esophagus

Question 19

What is the larynx?

Answer 19

It is made of muscle and cartilage and has several important jobs

It is the organ that helps prevent food from entering the trachea and contains vocal cords

Question 20

What enables you to speak?

Answer 20

Your vocal cords

Question 21

What is the trachea?

Answer 21

The windpipe

Question 22

What is the bronchi?

Answer 22

The two branches of the trachea that lead into the lungs

Question 23

What is the alveoli?

Answer 23

The tiny sacs that make the spongy tissue of each lung

Question 24

Your respiratory system works with other systems to deliver what to cells?

Answer 24

Oxygen

Question 25

Blood transports what to cells through the vessels of the circulatory system?

Answer 25

Oxygen

Question 26

To increase your lung volume, you make your chest larger by contracting what muscle?

Answer 26

The diaphragm

Question 27

What kind of muscle is the diaphragm?

Answer 27

An involuntary muscle

Question 28

A person uses extra lung capacity when doing what? | Give at least one example

Answer 28

Breathing heavily during exercise | Or taking a deep breath to swim underwater

Question 29

What are valves?

Answer 29

The flaps that allow blood to flow only in one direction

Question 30

What are red blood cells?

Answer 30

The delivery trucks traveling through your body ## Footnote A blood cell that lacks a nucleus and carries oxygen to the cells

Question 31

Red blood cells contain large amounts of what, and what does it do?

Answer 31

It is hemoglobin, and it is a molecule that carries oxygen

Question 32

Is hemoglobin blue?

Answer 32

No

Question 33

Your bone marrow replaces how many red blood cells in a second?

Answer 33

2 million

Question 34

What are white blood cells?

Answer 34

The police patrol cars of your circulatory highway ## Footnote A blood cell that attacks foreign invaders

Question 35

What are platelets?

Answer 35

Your circulatory system's on-call emergency construction workers ## Footnote A structure in the blood that repairs breaks in the circulatory system

Question 36

What do platelets form?

Answer 36

Clots

Question 37

What is plasma?

Answer 37

Mostly water ## Footnote The fluid, mainly composed of water, that makes up slightly more than half of the volume of blood

Question 38

Plasma transports what besides blood cells

Answer 38

Nutrients, minerals, proteins, hormones, and other substances

Question 39

How is the lub-dub sound of a heartbeat made?

Answer 39

When different heart valves snap shut

Question 40

Where does blood enter and pass through in the heart?

Answer 40

It enters through the right atrium of the heart and passes through the right ventricle

Question 41

When the right ventricle contracts, what happens?

Answer 41

The blood moves through the pulmonary arteries and on to the lungs

Question 42

Where does blood go to after the lungs?

Answer 42

It enters the left ventricle

Question 43

As the left ventricle contracts, what happens?

Answer 43

Blood rushes to the aorta

Question 44

Is there a good reason for capillary leaks?

Answer 44

Yes

Question 45

What can plasma slip through that red blood cells can't?

Answer 45

Capillaries

Question 46

How many liters of plasma leak out every day?

Answer 46

20 liters

Question 47

What is lymph?

Answer 47

Leaked plasma

Question 48

The lymphatic system cleanses the lymph of what?

Answer 48

Possible pathogens

Question 49

What are lymph nodes?

Answer 49

Structures in the lymphatic system that filter dead cells, bacteria, viruses, and other particles out of the lymph

Question 50

Your spleen recycles what and produces and stores what?

Answer 50

It recycles wornout red blood cells and produces and stores certain white blood cells

Question 51

What do other white blood cells do?

Answer 51

Mature in your thymus

Question 52

When is the thymus most active?

Answer 52

During your childhood

Question 53

Your lymphatic system doesn't have what?

Answer 53

A built-in pump