Chapter 15

Question 1

Self-theories

Answer 1

Theories of late adulthood that emphasize the core self, or the search to maintain one’s integrity and identity.

Question 2

Integrity vs. Despair

Answer 2

Erikson’s final stage of psychosocial development, in which life comes together and an individual looks back on their life and choices with either a positive feeling of integrity (honesty and comfort with oneself) or negative outlook of despair

Question 3

Compulsive hoarding

Answer 3

The urge to accumulate and hold on to familiar objects and possessions, sometimes to the point of their becoming health and/or safety hazards. This impulse tends to increase with age.

Question 4

Positivity effect

Answer 4

the tendency for elderly people to perceive, prefer, and remember positive images and experiences more than negative ones; begins around age 50+

Question 5

Stratification theories

Answer 5

Theories that emphasize that social forces, particularly those related to a person’s social stratum or social category, limit individual choices and affect a person’s ability to function in late adulthood because past stratification continues to limit life in various ways

Question 6

Disengagement theory

Answer 6

The view that aging makes a person’s social sphere increasingly narrow, resulting in role relinquishment, withdrawal and passivity.

Question 7

Activity Theory

Answer 7

The view that elderly people want and need to remain active in social spheres – with relatives, friends, and community groups – and become withdrawn only unwillingly as a result of ageism.

Question 8

What are 3 types of activities and what are some symptoms (good or bad) that come from each?

Answer 8

1. Paid work
   - provides social support and status and builds self-esteem; allows generativity, productivity, effectiveness, and independence
2. Retirement
   - full retirement has shown to result in worse general health, more chronic health conditions, and less physical activity; however, health-related issues may have been the reason for retirement
3. Volunteering
   - related to well-being in later life because, like employment, it offers generativity and social connections; there is a strong link between health and volunteering; seniors who volunteer put in more annual hours than any other age group; those who begin volunteering at a young age are more likely to continue

Question 9

Age in place

Answer 9

Remaining in the same home and community in later life, adjusting but not leaving when health fades.

Question 10

Universal design

Answer 10

Designing physical space and common tools that are suitable for people of all ages and all levels of ability

Question 11

Natural occurring retirement community (NORC)

Answer 11

A neighbourhood or apartment complex whose population is mostly retired people who moved in to the location as younger adults and never left.

Question 12

CARP

Answer 12

A Canadian organization that advocates for Canadians as they age. It was originally called the Canadian Association of Retired Persons but now only the initials CARP are used, since the members don’t need to be retired

Question 13

Filial responsibility

Answer 13

the obligation of adult children to care for their aging parents; stronger in some cultures than in other

Question 14

What are the 4 types of grandparents?

Answer 14

1. Remote grandparents
   - emotionally distant esteemed elders who are honoured, respected, and obeyed, and expect the help they are given
2. Compassionate grandparents
   - entertain and spoil their grandchildren in ways that the parents might not
3. Involved grandparents
   - active in the daily lives of their grandchildren
4. Surrogate parents
   - raise their grandchildren when the parents are unable or unwilling to do so; often results in lifelong consequences such as: o Unrealized potential
   o Reduced lifetime earnings
   o Poor health
   o Delinquency
   o Unemployment
   o Substance abuse
   o Early child-bearing
   o Unstable relationships

Question 15

Activities of daily life (ADLs)

Answer 15

Typically identified as five tasks of self-care that are important to independent living: eating, bathing, toileting, dressing and transferring from a bed to a chair. The inability to perform any of these tasks is a sign of frailty

Question 16

Instrumental activities of daily life (IADLs)

Answer 16

Actions (Eg. Budgeting and preparing food) that are important to independent living and that require some intellectual competence and forethought. The ability to perform these tasks may be even more critical to self-sufficiency than ADL ability.

Question 17

What are some risk factors for elder abuse?

Answer 17

o Change in lifestyle	
o Employment/financial difficulties
o Property/monetary disputes
o Physical or mental illness
o Addiction
o Lack of adequate support
o Isolation
o Changing relationships with family and friends
o Declining independence

Question 18

Assisted living

Answer 18

A living arrangement for elderly people that combines privacy and independence with medical supervision