Chapter 15 Flashcards by Brooke Rodgers

Typical power source for recharging batteries

110-120 volts

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Digital receptor with electrical cord

Tethered detector

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Unpopular and nearly obsolete type of generator for mobile units

Capacitor discharge

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Should be repositioned after consulting a nurse or physician

CVP line

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Convenient SID for mobile radiopgraphy

56”

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First to develop a portable unit

Picker corporation

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Preferred radiopgrahic grid characteristics for mobile radiography

Low ratio and high frequency

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X-ray beam quality with current-day portable units

High frequency output

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The 8 safe radiation protection practice

Protecting yourself and patient as well as health workers
Request the public and anyone else around to leave the room in order t take exposure
Announce X-ray
Carry two lead aprons-
never place hand or any other body part in th beam
provide gonadal protection for patient
Achieve maximum distance from patient 6’ radius
Label and handle each cassette carefully to avoid repeats

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Give example of the minimum and maximum exposure factors from a standard mobile X-ray unit

KV= 50-125
MAs= .4 - 200

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Hand controls

Top left- saves the left monitor or image to disk during live or last image hold
Top right-selects regular fluoro & vascular fluoro
Bottom left-fluoro; road mapping
Bottom right-high level fluoro

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Mechanical movements

Horizontal cross arm
Wig wag
Wertical lift
L-arm rotation
Flip flop
Orbital rotation

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Horizontal cross arm

Extends 8”

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Wig wag

Moves side to side; range varies

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Vertical lift

Two bottoms located on top of C arm max 18”

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L-arm rotation

Rotates 180 degrees in either direction

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Flip flop

Pivots 0-180 & 0-90 in opposite directions, increase versatility by inverting X-ray tube & image intensifier

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Orbital rotation

115 degree rotation standard 90 degree of understanding & 25 degree over scan . Oblique projection

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Magnification mode

Tri-mode image intensifier side 9” to 12”

9” field size 9,6 & 4 and 12” is 12,9,6

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Pulse mode

Generates a preset # of X-ray pulses used in primarily as a dose reduction and reduce heat units

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The more advanced, full-power mobile units use____ energy for a power supply

Battery

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What should a technologist do if the sterile environment is violated during a surgical procedure?

Notify a member of the surgical team immediately

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With current, state-of-the-art portable units,

The batteries provide for exposures and travel

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All of the following features are essential to a mobile radiographic unit EXCEPT
A) expandable 6ft exposure cord
B) automatic exposure control with single field
C) dead-man type exposure switch
D)clear display of exposure factors

Automatic exposure control with single field

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What is the single most effective means of radiation protection for the radiographer performing mobile exam?

6' radius

Trauma patients require

Adaptation in positioning & care

Imobilization

Use on backboards,cervical collar

Major adaptation of ___ is required

CR angle & IR placement

Radiographic equipment

Rad bags, lead, Grids

Digital Imaging (CR & DR) provide

A wide exposure latitude less repeats

___key for trauma situations

Collimation and centering

Self propelled system has a travel speed of

2.5 to 3 mph

With what kind of incline

7 degree

Driving range of up to

10m/hr

__ that operate on two drive wheels

Dual drive motor

Forward and reverse

Maneuvering close corners

Dead mans control

Parking brakes are automatically engaged when the control levels are not in use

Plugged into ___ for recharging

110v

Full discharged units take up to _ recharging time

8hrs

Standard power source, capacitator-discharge,non-motor driven X-ray units, no battery power,

Lighter in weight & usually not motor driven

Operate on ___ power source

110 to 220v

Stores electrical charges when plugged in no thendischarges electrical energy across the X-ray tube during exposure

Capacitor discharge system

Both battery power and plug in electrical power for increase output

Dual power source

C-arm fluoro forms a C shape with

X-ray tube on the bottom and intensifiers or detector on the top

Monitor

Image processor or display

Two monitors are

TV monitor and control cart

The active monitor will display the lat radiograph image created until the fluoro is used and new image created

Last image hold

Maneuverability

C arm is attached to the base that can be raised, lowered or extended Cephalaic or caudal angle and rotated 180 degrees

180 degree rotation is not recommended bc

It increases OID which lowers image resolution and highers exposure to eyes and head and neck area for surgeon or radiologist

Common surgical procedures

Chalangraphy, open or closed reduction of fractures and hip pinnings

Images are recorded in succession while contrast media is injected

Cine loop capability

Pulse mode

Used to create X-ray beam that pulsates at timed increments to reduce exposure

Snapshot or digital spot mode

Results in a higher quality

Subtraction mode

Takes out bone only shows blood vessels, technique image in which the initial image is recorded during continuous fluoro

Roadmapping

Geography studies

30 degree tilt will do what to dose?

Increase dose by 4

Lead apron

.5 mm

Entrance exposure rate to the patient is around

13 R/min

Boost can...

Boost exp rate for large patients

``` Before entering a surgical suite, who must be consulted? A)the unit receptionist B)the attending physician C)the surgical technician D)any of the above ```

``` Output from battery operated units is essentially A)single phase unrectified B)single phase fully rectified C)three phase,6 pulse D)high frequency ```

Mobile examinations are difficult to accomplish bc A)mobile equipment exposure techniques are dependent upon hospital power B)stationary equipment is more reliable C)exam conditions can vary widely

``` During mobile radiography, it is the radiographer a responsibility to request that___ leave the immediate area prior to exposure A)physicians B)family members C)health professionals D)all of the above ```

How should the CR be aligned for an AP projection of the chest?

Perpendicular to the long axis of the sternum

A self propelled, battery driven mobile X-ray unit will generally go up a maximum incline of

7 degrees

How many lead aprons should be carried to a mobile radiographic exam

The preferred method for demostrating air fluid levels during mobile radiography is to make sure that A)SID is 60" B)patient is sitting fully erect C)x Ray beam is perpendicular to the receptor D)b & C

``` Modern mobile radiographic units possess A) a flat pane detector for image review B) disposable, single use battery C) a cabinet for film cassette storage D) remote exposure controls ```

In surgery or in the emergency unit, which situation should be considered? A)the stress of performing in a high tension environment. B)limitations due to aseptic conditions C)the presence of additional critical equipment D)all of the above

Is used to create an X-ray beam that activates at timed increments to reduce exposure during c arm fluoro

Pulse mode

When it is determined that air fluid level demonstration is a priority,___ projection may be required for___> A)one; air fluid levels B)one; a normal projection of the chest C) two; one AP and one lateral projection D)two; air fluid levels and a normal projection of the chest

``` Batteries used in mobile radiographic machines A)are rechargeable B)provide power for mobility only C)recharge using 220-240 V AC power D)all of the above ```

Which type of grid would permit wide exposure and centering latitude and would therefore be preferred for mobile radiography?

6:1

Which one of the 3 cardinal rules of radiation protection is the most effective means of reducing exposure during mobile and surgical procedures? A)time B)shielding C)distance D)none of the above all are equally effective

``` For the mobile radiography;radiographic grids should have a A)high ratio and low frequency B)low ratio and low frequency C)cross hatched design D)low ratio and high frequency ```

``` During mobile radiography, the radiographer must achieve maximum distance primarily from the A)patient B)mobile patient C)IR D)X-ray tube ```

``` A common cause for repeat examinations in mobile radiography is due to A)equipment reliability B)angular ion of grids and grid cutoff C)inaccurate SID measurements D)low Image contrast ```

``` Proper tube grid alignment is important during__radiography. A)mobile B)stationary C)portable D)all of the above ```

When taking a radiography during an ongoing surgical procedures the c arm mobile unit should be located: A)same side of the surgical field B)opposite site of the surgical fields C)either of the above

During a mobile radiographic exam a radiographer will receive the lowest amount of patient scatter by standing two meters: A)behind the patient B)to the side of the patient C)in front of the patient

Chapter 15 Flashcards

(80 cards)