Chapter 15

Question 1

Cross sectional survey design

Answer 1

A single group of respondents(a cross section) of the population is surveyed

Question 2

Successive independent samples survey design

Answer 2

Two or more samples of respondents answer the same questions at different points in time

Question 3

Logitudinal/panel survey design

Answer 3

A single group of respondents is questioned more than once (different points in time)

Question 4

Demographic research

Answer 4

Concerned with describing and understanding patterns of basic life events and experiences such as birth, marriage, divorce, employment, migration and death.

Question 5

Epidemiological research

Answer 5

Used to study the occurrence of disease and death in different groups of people

Question 6

Prevelance

Answer 6

The porportion of a population that has the particular disease or disorder

Question 7

Incidence

Answer 7

The rate at which new cases of the disease or disorder occur over a specified period of time

Question 8

Raw data

Answer 8

All the participants scores on all measures

Question 9

Numerical/graphical methods

Answer 9

Summarize data in the form of numbers such as percentages or means

Question 10

Frequency distribution

Answer 10

Table that summarizes raw data by showing the number of scores that fall in each of several catagories

Question 11

Simple frequency distribution

Answer 11

Indicates the number of participants who obtained each score

Question 12

Grouped frequency distribution

Answer 12

Shows the frequency of a subset of scores(class intervals)

Question 13

Frequency histogram

Answer 13

Used when a variable on the x axis is on an interval or ratio scale of measurement

Question 14

Frequency polygon

Answer 14

Just like a histogram exacerbate lines are drawn rather than bars

Question 15

3 measures of central tendency

Answer 15

1. Mean
2. Median
3. Mode

Question 16

Mean

Answer 16

Average

Question 17

Median

Answer 17

The middle score of the distribution

Question 18

Outliers

Answer 18

Extreme data points

Question 19

Mode

Answer 19

The most frequent score or scores

Question 20

Error bars

Answer 20

Provide information on the researchers confidence in the value of each mean

Question 21

Confidence interval(CI)

Answer 21

95 %

Question 22

Measures of variability

Answer 22

Descriptive statistics that convey information about the spread or variability of a set of data

Question 23

Sqrt(variance)

Answer 23

Standard deviation

Question 24

Normal distribution

Answer 24

Rises to a rounded peak in the center and then tempers off at both tails

Question 25

Percentage of scores that fall within -1 and 1 STDEV of the mean

Answer 25

68.26%

Question 26

Percentage of scores that fall within -2 and 2 STDEV of the mean

Answer 26

95%

Question 27

Percentage of scores that fall within -3 and 3 STDEVs of the mean

Answer 27

99%

Question 28

Positively skewed distribution

Answer 28

A clustering of scores toward the lower left handed side of the scale with the tail end of the distribution extending tot he right

Question 29

Negatively skewed distribution

Answer 29

The hump is to the right of the graph and the tail end extends to the left

Question 30

Z- score

Answer 30

Used to describe a participant’s score relative to the rest of the data -number of STDEVs above or below the mean a score is

Question 31

Z=

Answer 31

(Participants score- mean score for sample)/standard deviation of sample