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Flashcards in Chapter 15 Deck (15)
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1
Q

Groundwater depletion solutions

A
Prevention
Waste less water
Ban new well in aquifers
Subsidize water conservation
Limit number of wells
Control
Raise price of water to discourage waste
2
Q

Reducing water waste?

A

Redesign manufacturing processes
Landscape yards with local plants that require little water
Use drip irrigation
Fix water leaks

3
Q

What is a mineral?

A

Inorganic elements or compounds with regular crystal structure

4
Q

What is a rock?

A

Solid combination of 1+ minerals in the crust

5
Q

How are buried surface mineral deposits removed?

A

Open-Pit Mine
Dredging
Area Strip Mining
contour Strip mining

6
Q

Will we have enough in the future?

A
Depletion Time A
Mine, use, throw away, no new discoveries rising prices.
Depletion Time B
Recycle
Depletion Time C
Recycle, reuse, reduce consumption
7
Q

Commercial Energy Use by source

A
Canada
Hydro 26%
Nuclear 7%
Natural gas 25%
Oil 31%
Coal 10%
8
Q

Commercial Energy Use by source World

A
Hydro 3%
Nuclear 6%
Natural gas 21%
Coal 24%
Oil 34%
9
Q

Canadian energy use by sector?

A
Transportation 30%
Industrial 37%
Agriculture 2%
Residential 17%
Insitutional 14%
10
Q

What is net energy?

A

Usable amount of high-end quality energy available from a given quantity of a resource
Total energy available - energy needed to find extract
The higher the ratio the greater the net energy

11
Q

How long will conventional oil supplies last?

A

12 OPEC Middle east has 71% of the oil

Predictions say oil will last between 42 - 93 years

12
Q

Can we meet the world’s growing demand for oil?

A

We need to discover oil reserves equivalent to Saudi Arabian supply every 10 years, Canada could supply 6 years
China and India rapidly consuming oil

13
Q

How useful are heavy oils from oil sand and oil shale?

A

Oil sands
Clay sand water bitumen
Bitumen
High viscosity thick heavy oil with high sulfur content

14
Q

How is coal used and how long will supplies last?

A

Generates 40% of world electricity
Most abundant fossil fuel
Reserves expect to last 100-250 years

15
Q

Life cycle of uranium?

A

Mining
Processing in to fuel
Use in a reactor