Week 11 Flashcards
(29 cards)
Waste production in NA
33% of global wastes from less than 5% of global population
Priorities in waste reduction
First Priority Primary pollution and waste prevention Second priority Secondary pollution and waste prevention Last priority Waste management
What is first priority?
Change industrial process to eliminate use of harmful chemicals
Use less of harmful product
What is second priority?
Reuse
Repair
Recycle
Compost
Last priority?
Treat waste to reduce toxicity
Incinerate waste
Bury waste in landfills
Reducing solid waste?
Consume less
Design manufacturing processes and products.
Develop products easier to repair, reuse.
Design products to last longer
Eliminate or reduce unnecessary packaging
What is industrial ecology?
Design industrial processes to mimic nature
- Recycle and reuse
- Resource exchange webs
What is a service-flow economy?
Selling services instead of hings
Eco-leasing
-Renting the services that goods provide
-Minimal ownership of physical goods
Reuse?
Reduces resource use
Saves input energy and money
Reduces pollution and waste
Recycling?
Primary (closed-loop)
Turn waste into same class of product
Secondary open loop
Downcycling
Composting?
Recycling plant nutrients to soil
European cities compost 85%
NA compost 5%
Large scale vs backyard vs vermicompost
Burying solid wastes?
Open dump Sanitary landfill -leacchate collection - monitoring wells -landfill gases
Hazardous waste?
Any discarded solid or liquid that has the potetial to harm people
What to do with hazardous waste?
Management
Output approach
burning or burying
expensive
Reduction
Input approach
Reuse or recycle
Priorities Hazard
Produce less Hazardous waste
Convert to less hazardous
Put in perpetual storage
How to detoxify hazardous waste?
Physical methods -Distillation, filtration Chemical methods Bioremediation -Using bacteria Phytoremediation -using plants
What causes urban growth?
Natural growth
Immigration
rural - push - pull - urban
Five Major Trends
The proportion in urban areas increasing
# of large cities mushrooming
Urbanization and urban populations are increasing in developing countries
Urban growth is slower
Poverty is becoming urbanized in developing countries
What is urban sprawl?
Growth of low density development at the periphery
Ample available land
Effects of urban sprawl?
Land and biodiversity Human health and aesthetics Water Energy, air, climate Economic effects -higher taxes
What are the advantages of urbanization?
Job opportunities
Better access to social services
Viable environmental protection
Reduced stress on wildlife habitats
Disadvantages of urbanization?
2% of land use, but 75% of resource consumption
High waste output
Air and water pollution
large areas of land disturbed
Urban poor in developing countries
Slums
Illegal settlements
Crowding
Poverty
Role of motor vehicles?
In NA 5% of wp = 33% of all cars
Cars are used for
98% urban transportation
90% of commuting
75% of trips are less than 1.6km from home
75% are single occupant
