Chapter 15

Question 1

Personnel and ______ ________ _______ provide the first line of defense in recognizing and mitigating hazards.

Answer 1

Tactical Level Supervisors

Question 2

_______ ______ are those that require immediate action to prevent a significant injury or fatality.

Answer 2

Imminent threat

Question 3

________ is the ability to reasonably predict the future well in advance of the change.

Answer 3

Forecasting

Question 4

Document that the IC may use on the fire ground to track units and record field notes during an incident; could evolve into a written IAP if an incident escalates in size or complexity.

Answer 4

Tactical Worksheet

Question 5

To operate independently of the incident commander’s command and control.

Answer 5

Freelancing

Question 6

Incident Action Plan Safety Analysis

Answer 6

ICS form 215A

Question 7

Written document at complex incidents which outlines hazards identified during pre-incident surveys and size up. It also defines planned mitigation strategies for those hazards.

Answer 7

Incident Safety Plan

Question 8

Weather Information will be included on ICS Form ___, Incident Status Summary. When requested, the weather observer will prepare an incident weather forecast on ICS form _____

Answer 8

209

222

Question 9

Form provided by chemical manufacturers, distributors, and importers; contains information about chemical composition, physical and chemical properties, health and safety hazards, emergency response procedures, and waste disposal procedures.

Answer 9

Safety Data Sheets

Question 10

OSHA’s Hazard Communication Standard, 29 CFR ____.___, regulates the production of SDS’s by manufactures or distributors.

Answer 10

1910.1200

Question 11

NFPA _____, Standard for Fire Department Safety Officer Professional Qualifications, Only requires that the ISO complete ICS Form ____ (IAP Safety Analysis)

Answer 11

1521

ICS 215A

Question 12

The ______ analysis is one of the primary ICS form responsibilities for the ISO.

Answer 12

Safety

Question 13

Standard on Protective Ensembles for Technical Rescue Incidents; Addresses the protection of personnel in common technical rescue incidents.

Answer 13

NFPA 1951

Question 14

Standard on Surface Water Operations Protective clothing and Equipment

Answer 14

NFPA 1952

Question 15

Standard on Protective Ensembles for Contaminated Water Diving

Answer 15

NFPA 1953

Question 16

The ISO of a technical rescue incident should be trained to the level of the ______ employed or have a technical expert (technical Safety Officer-TSO) assigned to assist with assessing the scene.

Answer 16

Operations

Question 17

Standard for Technical Rescuer Professional Qualifications

Answer 17

NFPA 1006

Question 18

Standard for Competence of Responders to Hazardous Materials/Weapons of Mass Destruction Incidents.

Answer 18

NFPA 472

Question 19

Resource accountability and tracking is the __ responsibility until the responsibility is delegated to the Resources Unit in the planning Section.

Answer 19

IC’s

Question 20

______ _________ help maintain the incident continuity and situational awareness during times of change.

Answer 20

Good Communications

Question 21

Stage of an incident when the immediate problem or emergency has been controlled, contained, or extinguished.

Answer 21

Stabilization

Question 22

System of barriers surrounding designated areas at emergency scenes, intended to limit the number of persons exposed to a hazard and to facilitate its mitigation.

Answer 22

Control Zones

Question 23

The area immediately surrounding a residence is called the _____ ______ zone. This zone presents the likelihood of a structure succumbing to the radiant heat of a wild land fire.

Answer 23

Home Ignition Zone

Question 24

Potentially hazardous area immediately surrounding the incident site; requires appropriate protective clothing and equipment and other safety precautions for entry. Typically limited to Technician Level personnel

Answer 24

Hot Zone

Question 25

The _____ zone is where trained personnel are working to resolve the problem at the scene. Only personnel who are directly involved is disposing of the problem are allowed to enter this zone.

Answer 25

Hot zone

Question 26

Area usually within the hot zone which personnel should avoid regardless of their level of protective clothing and equipment

Answer 26

Exclusion Zones

Question 27

Operational Zones deemed too dangerous for personnel to enter under any conditions

Answer 27

No-Entry Zones

Question 28

The No-entry Zone and _______ zone terms are commonly used interchangeably.

Answer 28

Exclusion

Question 29

____ ______ zones may also by established to preserve evidence for investigations after the hazard has been mitigated.

Answer 29

No-Entry

Question 30

Operational zone designated that indicates an active shooter or explosion hazard.

Answer 30

Threat Zone

Question 31

Operational Zone established on or near a roadway for the reroute get of traffic and protection of civilians and responders

Answer 31

Traffic Control Zones

Question 32

Area surrounding a home during a wildfire which indicates that the home should be evaluated for protection from an encroaching wildfire.

Answer 32

Home Ignition Zone

Question 33

``` NFPA 1500 recommends control zones be identified with colored tape or flags as follows: No-entry Zone: Hot Zone: Warm Zone: Cold Zone: ```

Answer 33

Red/White Chevron Red Yellow Green

Question 34

NIOSH recommends vehicular exhaust exposure be reduced to __________________

Answer 34

The lowest possible level

Question 35

If a code has not been formally adopted, the HSO may request permission from the ______ ______ to use the most current applicable code or regulation in conducting or coordinating facility inspections.

Answer 35

Fire Chief

Question 36

A copy of the inspection form should be made available to the _________ __________, Station personnel, and the Fire Administrative staff.

Answer 36

Facility Supervisor

Question 37

_______ ________ is a goal of apparatus, equipment, and protective clothing purchasing and maintenance programs.

Answer 37

Injury Prevention

Question 38

NFPA standards and guides are typically updated on a _____-_____ cycle.

Answer 38

Five year

Question 39

A ________ _________ of service delivery demands associated with a strategic planning or accreditation process provides valuable data for justifying new apparatus, equipment, and/or protective clothing purchases.

Answer 39

Comprehensive Assessment

Question 40

Wildland Fire apparatus must meet all requirements of the standard while stationary on a grade of _________ in any direction

Answer 40

20 percent

Question 41

_______ tests consists of visual inspections, operational tests, and load tests.

Answer 41

Annual tests

Question 42

When a compartment fire enters the decay stage due to lack of oxygen, the rate of heat release also ________

Answer 42

Declines

Question 43

Type ___ construction is normally used when fire risk is expected to be low or when fire suppression and detection systems are designed to meet the fuel load of the contents.

Answer 43

Type II

Question 44

The collapse zone is generally a space ____ _____ _____ _____ of the structure and extending the full length of the structure.

Answer 44

1 1/2 times the height

Question 45

Because the collapse zone is the full length of all effected walls, the safest location for defensive operations is at the ______ of the building.

Answer 45

Corner

Question 46

A good rule to follow is for the landing zone site to be ___ _____ the size of the _____ _______

Answer 46

Two times the size of the rotor diameter.

Question 47

Landing Zone- Flat surfaces are preferred over slopes, but no slope should exceed ____ percent.

Answer 47

Five Percent

Question 48

Generally, a ____ x____ area is recommended as a minimum landing zone site.

Answer 48

100x100

Question 49

Other than the IC position, the ____ position should be the first delegated position within the command and general staff positions.

Answer 49

ISO

Question 50

Roll call of all units assigned to an incident.

Answer 50

Personnel Accountability Report (PAR)

Question 51

Standard for Training Fire Service Rapid Intervention Crews

Answer 51

NFPA 1407

Question 52

Standard on the Rehabilitation process for members during emergency Operations and Training Exercises

Answer 52

NFPA 1584

Question 53

While on the scene, the rehabilitation area is the best opportunity for the ISO or other assigned personnel to assess firefighters for _______ _______

Answer 53

Stress indicators

Question 54

Long term stress can also be a contributing factor to __________ _________

Answer 54

Cardiovascular Disease

Question 55

Physical and psychological stress related to emergency response; could be associated with especially traumatic events involving fatality or serious injury.

Answer 55

Incident related stress

Question 56

Rehabilitation function During an incident intended to monitor responders vital signs and incident-stress levels.

Answer 56

Medical Surveillance

Question 57

Evaluation of responders baseline vital signs Before clearance to enter the Hot zone, also includes hydration before beginning work at the scene.

Answer 57

Premedical Surveillance

Question 58

Evaluation of responders vital signs, body temperature, and symptoms of dehydration, heat/cold stress, cardiovascular illness, stroke, or other ailment Before leaving a scene to return to duty or cycling off a work shift.

Answer 58

Post Medial Surveillance

Question 59

The ____ is the game plan for all personnel to function within

Answer 59

IAP

Question 60

The primary considerations in developing the IAP are the ________ ________ and ____/_____ analysis

Answer 60

Incident priorities | Risk/benefit analysis

Question 61

______ _______ reports should be communicated to the IC regularly within proper ICS

Answer 61

Incident Status reports

Question 62

Comprehensive crisis intervention system composed of 7 elements

Answer 62

Critical Incident Stress Management

Question 63

Physical, mental, or emotional tension caused when persons have been exposed to a traumatic event where they have experienced, witnessed, or been confronted with an event or events that involve actual death, threatened death, serious injury, or threat or physical integrity of self or others.

Answer 63

Critical Incident Stress

Question 64

Term used in National Fire Protection Association standards to describe incidents that have a likihood of causing critical incident stress.

Answer 64

Atypical stressful event

Question 65

Term developed by the National Fallen Firefighter Foundation in their programs to describe incidents that have the potential for critical incident stress.

Answer 65

Potentially Traumatic Event

Question 66

Informal discussion with incident responders conducted after the incident has been terminated, either at the scene or after the units have returned to quarters.

Answer 66

Defusing

Question 67

A gathering of information from all personnel that were involved in incident operations; in terms of incident related stress, helps personnel process the scope of an event after a few days have passed.

Answer 67

Debriefing

Question 68

In the event that the ISO lacks proper training, a trained ________ should be consulted.

Answer 68

Investigator

Question 69

Investigations should be conducted as __________ as possible.

Answer 69

Objectively

Question 70

Tangible or real objects that are related to the incident

Answer 70

Physical evidence

Question 71

No _______ shall be removed in any fashion from the scene.

Answer 71

Evidence

Question 72

Upon arrival, ________ at the scene should be considered potential evidence.

Answer 72

Everything

Question 73

The first responders at the scene ____ ____ in a position to decide if the potential evidence they identify at the scene will have any value to an incident or accident investigation.

Answer 73

Are not

Question 74

Taking photographs ______ after an accident occurred captures how the scene looked.

Answer 74

Shortly

Question 75

When an item of evidence is tagged and assigned an identification number, this number should be recorded in the investigation notes and on the scene diagram. An ISO should also generate an _____ ______ sheet that lists each item collected. The Log will become an essential portion of the documentation of the ____ __ ______ of evidence collected during the investigations.

Answer 75

Evidence log sheet | Chain of custody

Question 76

__________ can be collected as notes, audio or video recordings, or written statements, interviews should be conducted in a ______________ manner, preferable away from the incident scene.

Answer 76

Documentation | Non-accusatory

Question 77

_______ _______ _______ should be included in the early stages of the investigation.

Answer 77

Written witness statements

Question 78

Good __________ is essential in any investigation because most scenes are altered or destroyed during or after an investigation.

Answer 78

Documentation

Question 79

A ______ ______ is the minimum drawing that needs to be developed as part of every investigation.

Answer 79

Simple sketch

Question 80

The _____ provides a graphical representation of the scene that is proportional but not necessarily to scale.

Answer 80

Sketch

Question 81

_________ provide exact representation of the key components of an incident.

Answer 81

Photographs

Question 82

Continuous changes of possession of physical evidence that must be established in court to admit such material into evidence.

Answer 82

Chain of custody

Question 83

Point in the chain of custody where a piece of evidence is determined to no longer have value as evidence; options at this point may include permanent storage, return to the owner, or authorized destruction.

Answer 83

Final Disposition

Question 84

General term referring to anything that can taint physical evidence during an investigation.

Answer 84

Contamination

Question 85

Reports on accidents, incidents, events, and activities, should be completed in _______ form following departmental SOP/G's.

Answer 85

Narrative

Question 86

The ____ is a review of incidents to assess actions and decisions taken to stabilize an incident.

Answer 86

PIA

Question 87

Written record of an incident safety officer, or other officer's observations during an incident; often used as the basis for a post-incident analysis report

Answer 87

Field notes

Question 88

A ____ is a formal document that will be analyzed to established departmental needs, changes to SOP/G's, and other recommendations.

Answer 88

PIA

Question 89

_______ ________ are a learning exercise for all crew members.

Answer 89

Informal debriefings

Question 90

A written ____ is a detailed review and analysis of large scale or tactically challenging incidents.

Answer 90

PIA

Question 91

The ____ is not intended to find specific individuals at fault for the result of incidents.

Answer 91

PIA

Question 92

A _____ ______ who was not involved in the incident usually facilitates a post incident Critique from a written PIA.

Answer 92

Chief Officer

Question 93

Meeting to discuss strategy and tactics, problems, SOP/G changes, or training changes derived from a post incident analysis report, Usually led by a Chief Officer some time after a major event.

Answer 93

Post Incident Critique

Question 94

Two primary areas of analysis are the _________ and _________ of the operational strategy and tactics and personnel safety.

Answer 94

Application and effectiveness

Question 95

The point of the ____ is to document and analyze the actions at the scene to identify unsafe acts or conditions.

Answer 95

PIA

Question 96

The final step in a ____ or an accident investigation is to make ________ ________ recommendations and the appropriate implementation procedures based on the facts of the situation.

Answer 96

PIA | Corrective Action

Question 97

Existing specifications are typically revised _____________

Answer 97

On an as needed basis.

Question 98

Standard for Fire Service Respiratory Protection Training

Answer 98

NFPA 1404

Question 99

General Requirements for Requalification of Specification Cylinders

Answer 99

U.S. DOT 49 CFR 108.205

Question 100

Level ___ refurbishment, describes the requirements for the assembly of a new apparatus using the following new components:

Answer 100

Level I * Chassis frame * Driving and crew compartments * Front axle * Steering and suspension components

Question 101

Level __refurbishment consists of new components added to the existing apparatus chassis.

Answer 101

Level II

Question 102

Protective clothing and equipment _______ is a critical factor because medical research and field experience have shown that physiological stress due to equipment _____ can have an effect on cardiovascular incidents among fire service personnel.

Answer 102

Weight

Question 103

Increased risks of cancer: Brain, Melanoma, & Prostate

Answer 103

1.3 times

Question 104

Increased risks of cancer: Non-Hodgkins Lymphoma Myeloma

Answer 104

1.5 times

Question 105

Increased risks of cancer: Skin

Answer 105

1.4 times

Question 106

Increased risks of cancer: Colon

Answer 106

1.2 times

Question 107

Increased risks of cancer: Testicular

Answer 107

2 times

Question 108

________ inspections ensure that the ensembles are ready for immediate use, that all items work properly, and that any required repairs are noted and reported.

Answer 108

Regular

Question 109

______ inspections should take place annually and coincide with a periodic cleaning and preventive maintenance of the protective clothing or equipment

Answer 109

Formal

Question 110

______ ________create a separation between responders and hazards.

Answer 110

Engineering controls

Question 111

According to NFPA 1026, Standard for Incident Management Personnel Professional Qualifications, the ______ __ _______is requisite knowledge for the ISO regarding the evaluation of incident safety practices.

Answer 111

Hierarchy of Controls

Question 112

The ______ ______ ______ is an overall strategy for achieving a coordinated incident management outcome.

Answer 112

Incident Management System

Question 113

The ____ is one component of the overall IMS.

Answer 113

ICS

Question 114

ICS is the ________ element that provides a framework for maintaining control of personnel assignments and actions while promoting a coordinated effort in which all members are working toward the same goals.

Answer 114

Operational

Question 115

At fires in large structures, these studies recommend that no firefighters enter the structure for interior attack or search and rescue unless there are at least __ _____ firefighters outside who can conduct a search, if necessary.

Answer 115

a dozen

Question 116

Firefighters should recognize the ____ __ __ ______ – the distance into the building at which they do not have enough air to exit the building, if needed.

Answer 116

Point of no Return