Chapter 15 (adaptive immune responses) Flashcards
Lymphocytes
25% of WBC. easy to find
Natural killer cells function in (NK)
innate response. 2. anti anything foreign 3. secrete apoptosis. 4 sprays foreign with perferin and inject with granzymes (> apoptosis)
T and B lymphocytes
acquired/ adaptive imunity. 2, first exposure = dangerous. 3. naive = doesnt know which nonself to destroy. 4. if microbes change = 2nd exposure still dangerous. 5. cell specific
Cell specific (regarding T and B cells)
- until exposure = naive 2. once exposed = memory cells and antibodies to recognize foreign object
Vaccines (regarding to memory cells/ antibodies)
first exposure so resistance is acquired
Antigenic shift
DNA or RNA change. T & B cells have difficulties adjusting (why we are susceptible to flu and cold)
Gamaglobulin
using someone elses antibodies to rx disease (works temporarily for hepatitis)
T Lymphocytes
born in bone marrow and mature in thymus gland.
T lymphocytes training
learn to differentiate between self and non-self in thymus gland. release into blood one differentiation is initiated
T lymphocytes circulation
from thymus gland to blood to lymphatic system and tissue. still not exposed to foreign antibodies
T lymphocytes memory cell production
exposure to foreign antibodies (but still specific dificulties making vaccine for cold and flu virus)
T memory cells product of
clonal selection
Pre- Clonal selection steps
- virus infects cell. 2. cell with nucleus produce MHC1 protein (protein of self) 3. produce abnormal proteins 4. shows fragment of self and foreign protein. (looks like wiener in hot dog bun)
Cytotoxic T cells
attracted to MHC1 displays.
Clonal selection steps
and memory cell formation
- Cytotoxic T cells visits MHC1 “nice bun, not the weiner) 2. upon exposure lymphocytes undergoes clonal selection (reproduction of picture)
Cytotoxic T cell poisoning steps
- intracellular antigen required 2. MHC1 display 3. destroys infected cell via clonal selection 4. secretes perferin 5 secretes granzymes and 6 kills host cells
Perferin
enzyme that burns hole in cell membrane then injects granzymes into cell
Granzymes
kills cell
Cell mediated immunity
(equal to Cytotoxic T cell poisoning) T Lymphocyte attacks only an intracellular antigen results in destruction of infecttion & host cell.
Autoimmunity
T lymphocytes confusing self protein for foreign protein and destroys self
Diabetes mellitus and autoimmunity
Cytotoxic T cells attack and destroy insulin producing cell of pancreas (proof from medical history, onset usually brought on by mysterious infection < cytotoxic failed to differentiate)
product of clonal selection
formation of helper cells, (not the same as memory or cytotoxic cells)
Antibody production
produced against EXTRAcellular antigens
B lymphocytes production and mature
in bone marrows (10% of lymphocytes) naive
