Chapter 15 - Ergogenic aids

Question 0

What is meant by the term endogenous?

Answer 0

Substance capable of being produced by the body naturally.

Question 1

What is meant by the term exogenous?

Answer 1

Substance not capable of being produced by the body naturally

Question 2

Benefits of Anabolic steroids

Answer 2

increased muscle size thus increased strength & power
increased recovery speed
longer more intense training session

Question 3

Side effects of anabolic steroids in males only;

Answer 3

Breast development
Impotence
Testicular atrophy

Question 4

Side effects of anabolic steroids in females only;

Answer 4

Male characteristics
Breast atrophy
Abnormal menstrual cycle

Question 5

Physiological Side effects of anabolic steroids ( males & females);

Answer 5

Water retention
hypertension
acne
brain damage
cancer & tumour
sudden death

Question 6

Psychological side effects of anabolic steroids;

Answer 6

Dependance
Depression
Aggression

Question 7

Benefits of Polypeptide hormones & analougues;

Eg.) HGH, IGF’s, MGF’s, cortitrophins

Answer 7

Enhanced muscle and bone development
Mask Anabolic steroids
feeling of euphoria
Anti-inflammatory effect

Question 8

What are the side effects of Polypeptide hormones & analougues;
Eg.) HGH, IGF’s, MGF’s, cortintrophins

Answer 8

sodium & water retention
cancer
heart failure
diabetes
decreased immune function

Question 9

Benefits of Erythropoietin;

Answer 9

increased red blood cell volume
increased VO2 max
increased oxygen carrying capacity

Question 10

Side effects of erythropoietin;

Answer 10

Hypertension
blood clotting
stroke
heart failure

Question 11

Benefits of blood doping;

Answer 11

(Same as EPO)
increased red blood cell volume
increased VO2 max
increased oxygen carrying capacity
\+
much harder to pick up in testing

Question 12

Side effects of blood doping:

Answer 12

(Same as EPO)
Hypertension
blood clotting
stroke
heart failure
\+
Risk of infection from needles

Question 13

Benefits of Beta Blockers:

Answer 13

Reduced heart rate, tension and tremors
increased relaxation
increased AVO2 diff

Question 14

Side effects of beta-blockers;

Answer 14

Impotence
Heart failure
hypotension
hypoglycaemia
dangerous for asthmatics

Question 15

Benefits of stimulants;

Answer 15

Mask fatigue
increase alertness
increase aggression
improved reaction time
improved anaerobic performance

Question 16

Side effects of stimulants;

Answer 16

Anxiety
irritability
Restlessness
tremors
Cardiac arrhythmia
Heart failure
Dependance
hypothermia

Question 17

Benefits of Diuretics:

Answer 17

Reduce bodyweight quickly

mask anabolic steroids by increasing the rate they are fushed out of the system.

Question 18

Side effects of diuretics;

Answer 18

dehydration
cramps
muscle strain
cardiac arrhythmia

Question 19

Name three way which difference masking agents mask illegal substances.

Answer 19

Epitesterone; restore Epitesterone to testosterone ratio
Block the absorption of the substance into the kidneys so it is not present in the urine.
Alter red blood cell parameters making it harder to test for EPO

Question 20

Side effects of masking agents;

Answer 20

Dehydration
Cramp
Cardiac arrhythmia
Hair loss
Nausea
Skin rash
Acute gouty arthritis

Question 21

Benefits of gene doping and example:

Answer 21

Manipulate cells to produce certain hormones which will improve performance. Eg.) to produce more EPO or testosterone

Question 22

Side effects of gene doping;

Answer 22

Cancer
Tumour
Possibility of immune reaction

Question 23

What foods is creatine naturally found in?

Answer 23

High protein food such as;
red meat
white meat

Question 24

For what duration and what amount of creatine does the AIS recommend for; rapid loading slow loading maintenance

Answer 24

rapid loading: 5 day, 5 grams daily slow loading: 28 days, 3 grams daily maintenance: 3 grams daily

Question 25

Benefits of creatine supplements:

Answer 25

Enhance performance in events requiring the ATP-PC system. Decrease reliance on anaerobic glycolysis system Improved recovery from short duration maximal bouts Beneficial when undertaking resistance training for intermittent sports such as AFL or Tennis.

Question 26

Side effects of creatine supplementation;

Answer 26

``` Unknown long term gastrointestinal upset tendon injury headaches fluid retention cramps harmful effect on liver when taken in excess ```

Question 27

Benefits of caffeine:

Answer 27

Stimulation of the CNS | Reduces perception of fatigue

Question 28

Side effects of excess caffeine:

Answer 28

``` hampers recovery over arousal Disrupts sleep patterns increased HR Impairment of technique and fine motor control ```

Question 29

How much caffeine is best at increasing performance?

Answer 29

3mg/kg of BM

Question 30

How long does it take to achieve benefits from altitude training? How long do these adaptations last after moving back to sea level?

Answer 30

3 months | 1-3 months

Question 31

Significant adaptations due to altitude training:

Answer 31

Stimulates EPO production = more red blood cells Increased haemoglobin levels & concentration Increased blood viscosity Increased cappillarisation Decreased VO2 max Decreased lactic acid tolerance Reduced stroke volume

Question 32

Explain the concept of live high, train low.

Answer 32

Training at high altitude decreases the bodies ability to train at high intensities due to decreased O2 levels. By living high and training low the body is tricked into producing more EPO but also allows the athlete to train well at lower altitude.

Question 33

What is a hypoxic tent?

Answer 33

A tent that creates a low oxygen environment to help simulate high altitude which enables athletes to live high.

Question 34

What is intermittent Hypoxic Training?

Answer 34

Involves intervals of training sessions being undertaken wearing a hypoxic mask to decrease oxygen being delivered to the working muscles.

Question 35

Benefits of intermittent hypoxic training.

Answer 35

Increased EPO Increased pulmonary absorption Increased dilation of capillaries