Common Questions & Mistakes Flashcards
Why is it important to eat carbohydrates during prolonged exercise.
Carbohydrates replenish glycogen stores. Glycogen in the most efficient food fuel for the aerobic system due to its low oxygen cost, so when it is depleted energy is produced less effectively resulting in reduced output. It is also required for fat metabolism, so when it is depleted it can result in an athlete hitting the wall.
State two physiological variables which can be measured in a laboratory that can distinguish the ability to sustain high running speeds over 10km (VCE 2009)
Vo2 max / Oxygen consumption Lactate inflection point / Lactate concentration Running economy
Contrast how chemical pathways differ in the predominant energy system of a 100m sprinter and a 10km runner. (4 marks) (VCE 2012)
Do not get marks for mentioning predominant energy system (not asked). 100m: Fuel= PC, Depletes quickly (20 sec), simple chemical reactions 10km: Fuel= Glycogen/fat, complex reactions, slower rate of ATP synthesis
Methods to reduce reactivity. (VCE 2009)
Do repeated measurements Conceal data Remove outliers
Explain what occurs during oxygen deficit.
At the beginning on exercise oxygen supply does not meet oxygen demand because responses from the heart lungs take time to adjust to the increased demand As a result the body relies on the anaerobic energy systems.
How is EPOC effected by increased intensity.
EPOC is influenced by periods of oxygen deficit and increased reliance on anaerobic energy systems. This creates a greater EPOC which takes longer to return to resting levels.
What fibre type are you likely to see increased PC stores, ATP stores and glycogen stores. Justify (4 marks) (VCE 2012)
-Fast Twitch -All chronic adaptations mentioned occur due to anaerobic training -Fast twitch fibres produce high power and are easily fatiguable and are utilised during anaerobic efforts. -These adaptations increase fuel availability and allow for increased anaerobic ATP production.
Why can’t a 400m runner not sustain the same pace as a 100m runner. Make reference to energy system interplay (3 marks) (VCE 2010)
-At the beginning of exercise all energy systems are turned on and contributing to ATP synthesis. -Both events are undertaken at maximal so the ATP-PC systems is predominant from 0-6, Anaerobic glycolysis 6-30, and Aerobic 30+ seconds. -A 400m race relies more on the anaerobic glycolysis system which produces harmful H+ ions and the aerobic system which has a low rate
Benefits of including continuos training into a preseason training program for sports such as volleyball. (4 marks) (VCE 2010)
-Builds aerobic base for volleyballers as duration of match lasts extended period of time.-Required for removing metabolic byproducts (ADP, Pi, H+) which hinder performance.-Required to re synthesise PC stores -Improves health, increased ability to cope with training thus reducing risk of injury.
How could a 100m athlete apply the principle of frequency to a resistance training session? (2 marks) (VCE 2010)
2 weeks for maintenance3-4 weeks for improvement With rest day or muscle cycling between sessions
State why 1500m DIFFERS from events such as the 400m, javelin, discus, 100m and high jump. (1 mark) (VCE 2010)
It’s predominant energy system is aerobic glycolysis while the other rely on the anaerobic systems predominantly.
Which graph illustrates the change in LIP post training. (1 mark)
Justify. (3 marks) (VCE 2012)
-Graph C-After aerobic training chronic adaptations occur from the muscular, cardiorespiratory and respiratory system such as increased mitochondrial volume and increased stroke volume.-This allows athletes to work at higher intensities without requiring the anaerobic glycolysis system which produces lactate.-Therefore lactate inflection point is reached later
How does having a good aerobic system delay the type of fatigue in a 20m shuttle test. (3 marks) (VCE 2012)
- Fatigue during a 20m shuttle run is predominantly due to the accumulation of metabolic byproducts namely H+ ions. -Increased aerobic capacity decreases reliance on anaerobic systems and increases LIP. -This allows for an athlete to run at a higher intensity without the accumulation of H+ ions thus reducing fatigue.
Explain why the differences in the graph may have occurred. (3 marks)
The graphs self-report results indicate more physical activity and less sedentary time. (VCE 2012)
-The graph shows that physical activity is greater when measured by a self report. -Social desirability bias occurs in subjective tests such as self reports which can lead to them over estimating their physical activity in order to give a “desired response”. - This can not occur in a objective measure such as an accelerometer as they collect data and are not subject to memory limitations and bias.
Why would it be beneficial to train the anaerobic system in the both the 500m time trialist and the 3000m cycling pursuit.(3 marks)
-While the 500m sprint rely’s predominantly on anaerobic systems, the 3000m cyclist also relies on them at the beginning and end of a race where she may decide to sprint. -Training Anaerobic systems develops lactate tolerance. -This allows the athlete to use the anaerobic systems for longer and allows the cyclist to maintain higher intensities.
State two methods she may use during training to improve her ability to perform this skill. (ACHPER 2009)
Flexibility Training
Plyometrics
Restistance training (power)
Explain DOMS and why it may occur after training plyometrics. (ACHPER 2009)
DOMS is delayed onset muscle soreness which results in soreness following unaccustomed exercise at an unaccustomed intensity or eccentric contractions.
Plyometrics increases risk of DOMS because it utilises a rapid eccentic contraction which results in micro tears whch cause soreness.
List three strategies which which a counseller or docter would use improve the mans physically activity (ASCHPER 2009)
As man is not motivated, strateies must be cognitive.
- Consequences to others
- Risks of inactivity
- Benefits of activity
Explain Physiologically physiologically an active recovery facilitates a faster recoery compared to a passive cool down. (3 marks) (VCAA 2010)
– Active recovery maintains elevated heart rate and respiratory rate as well as activating the muscle pump which increases blood flow and oxygen uptake into the muscles.
- This allows H+ ions to be oxidised and for lactate to be reconverted into pyruvate and sent into the aerobic energy system.
Name and describe a legal performace enhancing practice tat can be used to reduce EPOC.
What are two taining adaptaions and what are two disdvantages? (6 marks) (ENGAGE SS)
note;* Aerobic training reduces EPOC
- High altitude training can be used reduce EPOC (1)
- Invoves training at altitude 2000+ m where oxygen concentration is less(1)
- Stimulates EPO production thus increasing amount of red blood cells (1)
- ^ Heamoglobin or ^ Cappilarisation, (1)
- Disadvantages:
Reduces Vo2 max thus dcreasing working intensity and training gains
- Takes a long time to develop benefits from
(VCAA 2007)
100-50
150-50
Lesson: Back your understanding of the question. Do not over complicate stuff
Explain why fatigue will increase at intensities greater than LIP. (2 marks) (VCAA 2007)
Accumulation of metabolic byproducts caused by increased relience of anaerobic systems. Such as H+ ions which inhibit glycotic capacity.
Lori (aged 85) has not been regularly active for more than 10 years; however, she has just started to become more active. Loris purchased a pedometer and has started to walk for ten minutes twice a week for the past 4 weeks. She intends to be more active in the upcoming weeks.
Give me an example of a physical activity measure that would not be an approriate choice to assess Lori’s physical activity behaviour? Justify. (1 + 2 marks) ( VCAA 2007)
Self report/recall
- Because she is 85 years old she may have cognitive or recall limitations which limit her capacity to acuuratley report her physical activity.
