Chapter 15 - Key Terms

Question 1

a disease caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) which attacks the immune system destroying the body’s ability to fight infections

Answer 1

acquired immune deficiency syndrom (AIDS)

Question 2

requiring oxygen to live and grow

Answer 2

aerobic

Question 3

methods of infection control that must be used for patients known or suspected to be infected with pathogens transmitted by airborne droplet nuclei

Answer 3

airborne precautions

Question 4

not requiring oxygen to live and grow; able to thrive in the absense of oxygen

Answer 4

anaerobic

Question 5

aseptic control that inhibits, retards growth f, or kills pathogenic organisms; not effective against spores and viruses

Answer 5

antisepsis

Question 6

being free from infection

Answer 6

asepsis

Question 7

piece if equipment used to sterilize articles by way of steam under pressure and/or dry heat

Answer 7

autoclave

Question 8

one-celled microorganisms, some of which are beneficial and some of which cause disease

Answer 8

bacteria

Question 9

the use of biological agents, such as pathogens, for terrorist purposes

Answer 9

bioterrorism

Question 10

the cleaning process employed in an ultrasonic unit; bubbles explode onto article being cleaned

Answer 10

cavitation

Question 11

factors that lead to the transmission or spread of disease

Answer 11

chain of infection

Question 12

chemicals used for aseptic control

Answer 12

chemical disinfection

Question 13

free from organisms causing disease

Answer 13

clean

Question 14

a disease that is transmitted from one individual to another

Answer 14

communicable disease

Question 15

methods of infection control that must be used for patients known or suspected to be infected with epidemiological microorganisms that can be transmitted by either direct or indirect contact

Answer 15

contact precautions

Question 16

containing infection or infectious organisms or germs

Answer 16

contaminated

Question 17

aseptic-control method that destroys pathogens but does not usually kill spores and viruses

Answer 17

disinfection

Question 18

methods of infection control that must be used for patients known or suspected to be infected with pathogens transmitted by large particle droplets expelled during coughing, sneezing, talking, or laughing

Answer 18

droplet precautions

Question 19

a filovirus that causes hemorrhagic fever disease

Answer 19

ebola

Question 20

infection or disease originating within the body

Answer 20

endogenous

Question 21

an infectious disease that affects a large number of people within a population, community, or region at the same time

Answer 21

epidemic

Question 22

infection or disease originating outside of or external to the body

Answer 22

exogenous

Question 23

substances or objects that adheres to and transmits infectious material

Answer 23

fomites

Question 24

a group of simple, plantlike animals that live on dad organic matter (mold, yeast)

Answer 24

fungi

Question 25

an infction acquired by an individual in a health care facility such as a hospital or long-term care facility

Answer 25

health care associated infection (HAI)

Question 26

a parasitic worm (tapeworm, leech)

Answer 26

helminths

Question 27

a virus cause by the OBV virus and is transmitted by blood, serum, and other body secretions; affects the liver and can lead to the destruction and scarring of liver cells; also called serum hepatitis

Answer 27

hepatitis B

Question 28

a virus caused by the hepatitis C virus, or HCV; transmitted by blood and blood-containing body fluids; any individuals who cotract the disease are asymptomatic; others have mild symptoms that are often diagnosed as influenza or flu; can cause serious liver damage that may result in death

Answer 28

hepatitis C

Question 29

a pathogen, such as bacterium or virus that can cause a disease

Answer 29

infectious agent

Question 30

small, living plant or animal not visible to the naked eye; a microbe

Answer 30

microorganism

Question 31

a way that the infectious agent can be transmitted to another reservoir or host where it can live

Answer 31

mode of transmission

Question 32

microorganisms that are not capable of causing disease

Answer 32

nonpathogens

Question 33

characterizes infections that occur when the body's defenses are weak

Answer 33

opportunistic

Question 34

an infectious disease that affects many people over a wide geographic area; a world-wide epidemic

Answer 34

pandemic

Question 35

organism that lives on or within another living organism

Answer 35

parasite

Question 36

disease-producing organisms

Answer 36

pathogens

Question 37

protective barriers such as a mask, gloves, and protective eyeware that helps a person from contact with infectious material

Answer 37

personal protective equipment (PPE)

Question 38

a way for the infectious agent to enter a new reservoir or host

Answer 38

portal of entry

Question 39

a way for the infectious agent to enter a new reservoir in which it has been growing

Answer 39

portal of exit

Question 40

the practices used for protecting vulnerable persons for contracting an infection

Answer 40

protection (reverse) isolation

Question 41

microscopic, one-celled animals often found in decayed materials and contaminated water

Answer 41

protozoa

Question 42

an area where the infectious agent can live

Answer 42

reservoir

Question 43

parasitic microorganisms that live on other living organisms

Answer 43

rickettsiae

Question 44

recommendations that must be followed to prevent transmission of pathogenic organisms by way of blood and body fluids

Answer 44

standard precautions

Question 45

free of all organisms, including spores and viruses

Answer 45

sterile

Question 46

an area that is set up for certain procedures and is free from all organisms

Answer 46

sterile field

Question 47

process that results in total destruction of all microorganisms; also, a surgical procedure that prevents conception of a child

Answer 47

sterilization

Question 48

a person likely to get an infection or disease, usually because body defenses are weak

Answer 48

susceptible host

Question 49

methods or techniques of caring for patients who have communicable diseases

Answer 49

transmission-based precautions

Question 50

pieces of equipment that clean using sound waves

Answer 50

ultrasonic units

Question 51

smallest microorganisms; cannot reproduce unless they're inside another cell

Answer 51

viruses