Chapter 15- Kidney

Question 1

Which kidney pole is anterior?

Answer 1

The inferior pole

Question 2

What is the layer of fat surrounding the kidney called?

Answer 2

peranephric fat

Question 3

What are the directional terms for the long kidney in a coronal plane?

Answer 3

Anterior, Mid, Posterior

Question 4

What are the directional terms for the long kidney in a sagittal plane?

Answer 4

Medial, Mid, Lateral

Question 5

where is the long kidney image measured?

Answer 5

MID

Question 6

how many times do you measure at MID kidney? which measurement do you record?

Answer 6

2 seperate times. Keep the longest measurement.

Question 7

The right and left kidneys should be within what percentage of each other?

Answer 7

10%

Question 8

Why is the left kidney typically larger?

Answer 8

It’s next to the spleen. The left kidney has more room to grow in comparison to the right kidney, which is next to the liver.

Question 9

What is Gerota’s Fascia?

Answer 9

a fibrous sheath that is the true capsule of the kidney

Question 10

where are kidneys in relation to the peritoneum? Where are the ureters?

Answer 10

both are retroperitoneal

Question 11

what is Morison’s pouch?

Answer 11

the space between the Rt kidney and liver.

Question 12

From which direction do the ureters enter the bladder?

Answer 12

Posteriorly

Question 13

A neonatal kidney is 3-5 cm. How long is the adult kidney?

Answer 13

9-12 cm for adults.

Question 14

the male urethra is 20 cm in length. how long is the female urethra?

Answer 14

4 cm

Question 15

What and When are the three stages of development of the kidneys?

Answer 15

Pronephros (week 4), Mesonephros and Metanephros (end of week 5 but not functional til week 8)

Question 16

What is the renal parenchyma composed of?

Answer 16

the renal cortex and medulla

Question 17

What is the cortex and what does it contain?

Answer 17

The outer area of the renal parenchyma that contains most of the nephron.

Question 18

What is the medulla and what does it contain?

Answer 18

the inner portion of the renal parenchyma that contains the medullary pyramids.

Question 19

Where does filtration occur?

Answer 19

in the glomerulus

Question 20

Where in the kidney does reabsorption take place?

Answer 20

in the proximal convoluted tubules and the loop of Henle

Question 21

most of the nephron is located in the cortex, but where is the loop of Henle?

Answer 21

the medullary pyramid

Question 22

What are the columns of Bertin?

Answer 22

bands of cortical tissue that separate the pyramids.

Question 23

What is the renal sinus and what is it composed of?

Answer 23

the central portion of the kidney that is composed of the renal hilum and the collection system.

Question 24

What is the kidney’s infundibulum composed of

Answer 24

the minor and major calyces

Question 25

what is the renal pelvis?

Answer 25

The expanded end of the ureter that receives urine from the calyces

Question 26

What are the 4 layers of the urinary bladder?

Answer 26

Inner mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, outer serosa

Question 27

what are the two functions of the kidney

Answer 27

urine production: excrete waste products and homeostasis: maintain blood volume

Question 28

How do nephrons use osmosis

Answer 28

they move metabolic waste from areas of high concentration to low concentration

Question 29

What is high specific gravity and what would it indicate?

Answer 29

dehydration. the higher the specific gravity the more dissoved solutes the urine has.

Question 30

What is the order of arterial blood flow in the kidney.

Answer 30

aorta, renal, interlobar, arcurate, interlobular arteries, afferent and efferent arterioles

Question 31

What is the order of venous blood flow from the kidney to the IVC.

Answer 31

peritubular capillaries, interlobular, arcurate, renal veins, IVC

Question 32

What are the organs in order of? pyramids, cortex, sinus, parenchyma, spleen, liver, pancreas, renal sinus

Answer 32

hypo to hyper echoic

Question 33

What is a dromedary hump

Answer 33

a hump on the lateral border of the kidney

Question 34

A double collecting system is when each side has a renal pelvis when would this occur?

Answer 34

when the renal sinus is divided.

Question 35

when does a horseshoe kidney occur?

Answer 35

when the kidneys are connected. usually at the lower poles.

Question 36

What 2 structures are part of the upper urinary system?

Answer 36

Kidneys and Ureters

Question 37

Is paranephric fat inside or outside of Gerota's fascia?

Answer 37

Outside

Question 38

Out of the structures in the renal hilum, which is most anterior?

Answer 38

Renal Veins

Question 39

Where are the adrenal glands in relation to the kidneys?

Answer 39

Superomedial

Question 40

Increased red blood cells in the urine may indicate

Answer 40

Renal trauma, calculi, infarction

Question 41

What is renal ectopia?

Answer 41

Occurs when one or both kidneys occur outside the normal renal fossa

Question 42

Where is the R renal artery in relation to the aorta/IVC?

Answer 42

The Right Renal Artery is behind the IVC

Question 43

Where is the L renal artery in relation to the aorta/IVC?

Answer 43

The Left Renal Artery is between the Aorta and SMA