Chapter 15- Misc Conditions/Tests Flashcards
the compression of nerves, arteries, or veins
thoracic outlet syndrome
What is thoracic outlet syndrome usually a result of?
result of an extra first rib or old fracture of collarbone. This reduces the space of vessels and nerves
The different types of thoracic outlet syndromes-
Neurogenic- most common- pain and weakness
Venous- swelling, pain, and bluish discoloration
Arterial- pain coldness and paleness of are
Symptoms of thoracic outlet syndrome
numbness, tingling, pain in shoulder or arm-worse when they raise their arm
What kind of person is most susceptible to popliteal artery entrapment syndrome?
a young athletic male
the compression or occlusion of the pop artery due to abnormal relationship with medial head of gastrocnemium
popliteal artery entrapment syndrome (PAES)
What is the most common symptom for popliteal artery entrapment?
intermittent claudication. often bilateral.
What is the most common type of patient with buerger’s disease?
a male who is a heavy smoker.
Name type twos of arteritis diseases.
Buergers and Takayasu
What are the main differences versus buergers and takayasu arteritis?
Buergers affects the small vessels in the upper and lower extremities versus takayasu affects the large vessels such as aorta.
What would a patient with Buerger’s disease present with?
hand or foot ischemia, rest pain or ulcerations.
Takayasu arteritis is often referred to as??
the pulseless disease. (upper extremities)
imnflammation of the arterial wall of the superficial temporal artery
temporal arteritis
If temporal arteritis goes uncured, it can lead to…
blindness
Temporal arteritis often has what sonographic appearance?
halo around the vessel.
Patients with Raynaud’s phenomenon may present with….
whiteness, redness, or bluish skin discoloration, numbness and pain or digits. Once the vasospasm resolves the area then turns red and may have a burning sensation.
What are the difference between primary and secondary Raynauds?
Primary- just vasospasm, no eiotlogy
Secondary. secondary to connective tissue disorder, smoking, gangrene, necrosis.
When doing a PPG waveform, if we see a peaked waveform, what should we suspect?
Raynauds
Why is a pseudo (false) aneurysm not considered a true aneurysm?
It does NOT involve all three layers like a true aneurysm would.
Describe what a pseudoaneurysm is?
A defect or hole in the arterial wall often from trauma or hospital acquired.
What is the most common area for a pseudo-aneurysm to form?
CFA (usually used for arterial access)
How do we sonographically diagnose a pseudo aneurysm?
Look for the neck as well as “ to and fro” waveform which is the blood flow coming in and out of the “sac”`
What is the most common treatment for a pseudo aneurysm?
Thrombin injection- physician injects it into the sac and thrombus occurs within seconds.
What is the primary risk of treating a pseudo aneurysm with a thrombin injection
thrombin migration into the artery.
