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Kinesiology > Chapter 15 - Neck and Trunk > Flashcards

Chapter 15 - Neck and Trunk Flashcards

1
Q

Facet Joint

A

apophyseal joint, is the articulation between the superior articular process of the vertebra below with the inferior articular process of the vertebra

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2
Q

Atlantoocipital Joint

A

formed by the right and left occipital condyles articulation with the superior articular facets of the atlas (C1)
- flexion and extension (moving your head to indicate yes)

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3
Q

Atlantoaxial Joint

A

Articulation between the atlas (C1) and axis (C2)
- neck rotation (moving your head to indicate no)

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4
Q

Axial extension

A

head flexing and neck extending to “tuck chin”
- otherwise known as cervical protraction

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5
Q

Median atlantoaxial joint

A

consists of a synovial articulatio between the odontoid process (dens) of the axis and the anterior arch of the atlas anteriorly and the transverse ligament posteriorly

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6
Q

Lateral atlantoaxial joints

A

(2) between the articular processes of C1 and C2

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7
Q

Transverse ligament

A

runs from one side of the atlas to the other and divides the atlas into an anterior and posterior compartment
- crucial for keeping the dens from displacing posteriorly in the vertebral foramen and damaging the spinal cord

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8
Q

Intervertebral joint

A

weigh-bearing occurs anteriorly on the vertebra between vertebral bodies
- allow only slight degree of motion

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9
Q

Anterior longitudinal ligament

A

runs down the vertebral column on the anterior surface of the bodies and tends to prevent excessive hyperextension
- thin superiorly and thick inferiorly where it fuses to the sacrum

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10
Q

Posterior longitudinal ligament

A

runs along the vertebral bodies posteriorly, inside, and along the anterior border of the vertebral foramina
- prevents excessive flexion and acts as a barrier between the intervertebral disk and the spinal cord

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11
Q

Ligamentum flavum

A

creates the posterior border of the vertebral canal by connecting adjacent laminae anteriorly
- high elasticity allows it to effectively lengthen during movement of the nearby facet joints but can also assist the PLL in preventing excessive flexion

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12
Q

Supraspinal ligament

A

extends from the C7 distally to the sacrum attaching posteriorly along the tips of the spinous process

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13
Q

Interspinal ligament

A

runs between the succesive spinous processes

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14
Q

Ligamentum nuchae

A

very thick, takes the place of the supraspinal and interspinal ligaments in the cervical region

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15
Q

Sternocleidomastiod origin

A

sternum and clavicle

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16
Q

Sternocleidomastiod insertion

A

mastiod process

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17
Q

Sternocleidomastoid action - bilaterally

A

flexes neck, hyperextends head

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18
Q

Sternocleidomastoid action - unilaterally

A

laterally bends the neck; rotates the face to the opposite side

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19
Q

Scalene origin

A

transverse processes of the cervical vertebrae

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20
Q

Scalene insertion

A

first and second ribs

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21
Q

Scalene action - bilaterally

A

assists in neck flexion

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22
Q

Scalene action - unilaterally

A

neck lateral bending

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23
Q

Longus colli origin - upper part

A

transverse processes of C3-C5

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24
Q

Longus colli origin - middle part

A

bodes of C5-T3

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25
Q

Longus colli origin - lower part

A

bodies of T1-T3

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26
Q

Longus colli insertion - upper part

A

anterior tubercle of C1

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27
Q

Longus colli insertion - middle part

A

bodies of C2-C6

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28
Q

Longus colli insertion - lower part

A

transverse processes of C5-6

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29
Q

Longus colli action

A

flexes neck, assists in lateral bending

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30
Q

Longus capitis origin

A

transverse processes of C3-6

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31
Q

Longus capitis insertion

A

occipital bone

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32
Q

Rectus capitis anterior origin

A

Atlas (C1)

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33
Q

Longus capitis action

A

flexes head and upper neck

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34
Q

Rectus capitis anterior insertion

A

occipital bone

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35
Q

Rectus capitis anterior action

A

flexes head, stabilixes AO joint

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36
Q

Rectus capitis lateralis origin

A

transverse process of atlas

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37
Q

Rectus capitis lateralis insertion

A

occipital bone

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38
Q

Rectus capitis lateralis action

A

laterally bends head, stabilizes AO joint

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39
Q

Splenius capitis origin

A

lower half of nuchal ligament; spinous processes of C7-T3

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40
Q

Splenius capitis insertion

A

lateral occipital bone; mastoid process

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41
Q

Splenius capitis action - bilaterally

A

extend head and neck

42
Q

Splenius capitis action - unilaterally

A

laterally bend and rotate the face to same side

43
Q

Splenius cervicis origin

A

spinous processes of T3-6

44
Q

Splenius cervicis insertion

A

transverse proesses of C1-3

45
Q

Splenius cervicis action - bilaterally

A

extend neck

46
Q

Splenius cervicis action - unilaterally

A

laterally bend and rotate the face to same side

47
Q

Rectus abdominis origin

A

pubic crest

48
Q

Rectus abdominis insertion

A

xiphoid process and costal cartilages of ribs 5-7

49
Q

Rectus abdominis action

A

trunk flexion; compression of abdomen

50
Q

External oblique origin

A

iliac creast, pubic tubercle, linea alba

51
Q

External oblique insertion

A

lower 8 ribs laterally

52
Q

External oblique action - bilaterally

A

trunk flexion; compression of abdomen

53
Q

External oblique action - unilaterally

A

lateral bending to same side; rotation to opposite side

54
Q

Internal oblique origin

A

inguinal ligament, iliac crest, thoracolumbar fascia

55
Q

Internal oblique insertion

A

ribs 8-12, linea alba

56
Q

Internal oblique action - bilaterally

A

trunk flexion; compression of abdomen

57
Q

Internal oblique action - unilaterally

A

lateral bending; rotation to same side

58
Q

Transverse abdominis origin

A

inguinal ligament, iliac crest, thoracolumbar fascia, and costal cartilages of the last 7 ribs

59
Q

Transverse abdominis insertion

A

pubic crest, abdominal aponeurosis, and linear alba

60
Q

Transverse abdominis action

A

compression of abdomen

61
Q

Erector spinae muscles

A

superficial layer of back extensors

62
Q

Spinalis muscle group

A

most medial group, attaches to the nuchal ligament and spinous processes of the cervical and thoracic vertebrae

63
Q

Longissimus muscle group

A

located lateral to the spinalis muscle group, attaching to the transverse processes from the occiput to the sacrum

64
Q

Iliocostalis muscle

A

most lateral group, attaching primarily to the ribs posteriorly

65
Q

Erector spinae (iliocostalis) origin

A

iliac crest, lower ribs

66
Q

Erector spinae (iliocostalis) insertion

A

angles of ribs, upper ribs, and transverse processes of cervical vertebrae

67
Q

Erector spinae (longissimus) origin

A

transverse processes at lower levels

68
Q

Erector spinae (longissimus) insertion

A

transverse processes at upper levels, mastoid process

69
Q

Erector spinae (spinalis) origin

A

spinous processes below

70
Q

Erector spinae (spinalis) insertion

A

spinous processes above

71
Q

Erector spinae action - bilaterally

A

extend beck and trunk

72
Q

Erector spinae action - unilaterally

A

rotate head and laterally bend neck and trunk to the same side

73
Q

Transversospinalis origin

A

transverse processes

74
Q

Transversospinalis insertion

A

spinous processes of vertebrae above

75
Q

Transversospinalis action - bilaterally

A

extend neck and trunk

76
Q

Transversospinalis action - unilaterally

A

rotate head, neck, and trunk to opposite side

77
Q

Interspinales origin

A

spinous process below

78
Q

Interspinales insertion

A

spinous process above

79
Q

Interspinales action

A

neck and trunk extension

80
Q

Intertransversarii origin

A

transverse process below

81
Q

Intertransversarii insertion

A

transverse process above

82
Q

Intertransversarii action

A

neck and trunk lateral bending to the same side

83
Q

Quadratus lumborum origin

A

liliac crest

84
Q

Quadratus lumborum insertion

A

12 rib, transverse processes of all five lumbar vertebrae

85
Q

Quadratus lumborum action

A

trunk lateral bending

86
Q

Torticollis

A

deformity of the beck in which the person’s head is laterally bent to one side and rotated toward the other side

87
Q

Sciatica

A

pain that tends to run down the posterior thigh and leg caused by pressure on the sciatic nerve roots and usually is symptomatic of an underlying pathology such as a herniated lumbar disc

88
Q

Lordosis

A

abnormally increased curve of the lumbar spine

89
Q

Flat back

A

abnormally increased thoracic curve

90
Q

Kyphosis

A

abnormally increased thoracic curve

91
Q

Scoliosis

A

any amount of lateral curve is pathological condition

92
Q

Spondylosis

A

degenerative disorder of vertebral structure and function that may result from bony spurs, thickening of ligaments, and decreased disk height that results from reduced water content of the nucleus pulposus

93
Q

Spinal stenosis

A

narrowing of the vertebral canal that houses the spinal cord
- also possible to have stenosis of the intervertebral foramen through which the nerve roots pass

94
Q

Herniated disks

A

occur when there is a weakness or degeneration of the annulus fibrousus that allows a portion of the nucleus pulposus to bulge/herniate through the annulus

95
Q

Ankylosing spondylitis

A

chronic inflammation of the vertebral column and sacroiliac joints leads to fusion
- rheumatic diseases that can lead to total loss of spinal mobility

96
Q

Spondylolysis

A

vertebral defect in the pars interarticularis (part of the lamina between the superior and inferior articular processes)

97
Q

Spondylolisthesis

A

result from a fracture, or giving wat, of a defective pars interarticularis

98
Q

Compression fractures

A

typically result in the collapse of the anterior portion of the vertebrae

99
Q

Handman’s fracture

A

fracture involving C2 typically occurs when there is a forceful, sudden hyperextension of the head

100
Q

Whiplash

A

type of cervical sprain in which the head and neck suddenly and forcefully hyperextends then flexes, like the cracking of a whip

Kinesiology (14 decks)

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