Chapter 3 - Articular System

Question 1

Fibrous joints

Answer 1

thin layer of fibrous periosteum between the two bones

Question 2

Synarthrosis

Answer 2

known as the suture joint, a thin layer of fibrous periosteum between two bones (sutures of the skull)

Question 3

Syndesmosis

Answer 3

ligamentous joint

Question 4

What are the three types of fibrous joints?

Answer 4

synarthrosis, syndesmosis, gomphosis

Question 5

Gomphosis

Answer 5

“bolting together” like teeth and the wall of the dental socket in the mandible and maxilla

Question 6

Cartilaginous joint

Answer 6

either hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage between the two bones

Question 7

Amphiarthrodial joints

Answer 7

another name for cartiliginous joints, allowing a small amount of motion (bending or twisting - and some compression) but provide a great deal of stability

Question 8

Synovial joint

Answer 8

no direct union between the bone ends, a cavity filled with synovial fluid contained within a sleevelike capsule

Question 9

Diarthrodial joint

Answer 9

another name for synovial joint, allowing for free motion but not as stable as the other types of joints

Question 10

Nonaxial joints

Answer 10

movement tends to be linear instead of angular

Question 11

Plane joint

Answer 11

joint surfaces are relatively flat and glide over one another instead of one moving around the other

Question 12

Uniaxial joint

Answer 12

angular motion occuring in one plane around one axis

Question 13

Hinge joint

Answer 13

allows for motion primarily in one plane

Question 14

Piviot joint

Answer 14

uniaxial motion in the transverse plane around the longitudinal axis

Question 15

Biaxial joint motion

Answer 15

movement that occuse in two different directions

Question 16

Condyloid joints

Answer 16

found in the wrist and MCP joints, bidirectional motion

Question 17

Saddle joint

Answer 17

articular surface of each bone is concave in one direction and convex in the other, allows for slight rotation

Question 18

Triaxial joint

Answer 18

motion occurs actively around all three axes

Question 19

Ball-and-socket joint

Answer 19

shape of the triaxial joint, ball shaped head fits into the concave socket

Question 20

Ligaments

Answer 20

bands of fibrous connective tissue, providing attachement for cartilage, facsia, and in some cases muscle

Question 21

Capsule

Answer 21

surrounds and excases the joint and protects the articular surfaces of the bones

Question 22

Synovial membrane

Answer 22

thick, vascular connective tissue that secretes synovial fluid

Question 23

Synovial fluid

Answer 23

thick, clear fluid that lubricates the articular cartilage reducing friction and helps the joint move freely

Question 24

Hyaline cartilage

Answer 24

also called articular cartilage, covers the ends of opposing bones within a synovial joint and works with synovial fluid to prove a smooth articulating surface in all synovial joints

Question 25

Fibrocartilage

Answer 25

acts as a shock absorber and is present in both synovial and cartiliginous joints

Question 26

Elastic cartilage

Answer 26

designed to help maintain a structure's shape

Question 27

Tendon

Answer 27

connects muscles to bone

Question 28

Tendon sheaths

Answer 28

fibrous sleeves surroind the tendon when it is subject to pressure or friction (when it passes between muscles and bones or through a tunnel between bones)

Question 29

Aponeurosis

Answer 29

broad, flat tendinous sheet - foud in several places where muscles attach to bones

Question 30

Line alba

Answer 30

abdominal muscles approach the midline from both sides, they attach to an aponeurosis

Question 31

Bursae

Answer 31

small, padlike sacs found around most joints, located in areas of excessive friction (as between tendons and bony prominences)

Question 32

Center of gravity

Answer 32

point where the three cardinal planes intersect each other

Question 33

Sagittal axis

Answer 33

point that runs through a joint from front to back

Question 34

Frontal axis

Answer 34

runs through a joint from side to side

Question 35

Vertical axis

Answer 35

runs through a joint from top to bottom

Question 36

Dislocation

Answer 36

complete seperation of the two aricular surfaces of a joint

Question 37

Subluxation

Answer 37

partial dislocation of a joint, usually occurs over a period of time

Question 38

Osteoarthritis

Answer 38

type of arthritis that is cause by the breakdown and eventual loss of the cartilage of one or more joints

Question 39

Sprains

Answer 39

partial or complete tearing of ligament fibers

Question 40

Strain

Answer 40

overstretching of muscle fibers

Question 41

Tendonitis

Answer 41

inflammation of a tendon

Question 42

Synovitis

Answer 42

inflammation of the tendon brane

Question 43

Tenosynovitis

Answer 43

inflammation of the tendon sheath and is often cause by repetitive use

Question 44

Bursitis

Answer 44

inflammation of the bursa

Question 45

Capsulitis

Answer 45

inflammation of the joint capsule

Question 46

Capsular pattern

Answer 46

each joint has a characteristic pattern of lost motion that presents when capsular tightness is present