Chapter 15 - Temporal Lobe Flashcards
What are the three major areas of the temporal lobe?
1) Superior temporal gyrus (located just below lateral/sylvian fissure)
2) Middle temporal gyrus
3) Inferior temporal gyrus
What makes up the olfactory cortex?
- Uncus and the piriform cortex
Other than the main three, which major gyri are found within the temporal lobes?
- The parahippocampal gyrus
- Fusiform gyrus
- Lingual gyrus
What type of regions compose the STS? What type of input does it receive?
- Contain many subregions of polymodal cortex
- Receives input from auditory, visual, and somatic regions
- Also receives input from the other two polymodal regions (frontal and parietal) and the paralimbic cortex
What brain components can be found within the parahippocampal gyrus?
- The parahippocampal cortex
- The perirhinal cortex
- The entorhinal cortex
T/F: The parahippocampal cortex is located more laterally.
- FALSE
- Located very medially, more towards the posterior end
T/F: Most of the superior temporal lobe is auditory.
- TRUE
Which Brodmann’s area does A1 correspond to?
- 41
Where does the temporal cortex receive afferent connections from?
- Different sensory systems
What efferent connections does the temporal cortex have?
- Frontal and parietal association regions
- Limbic system
- Basal Ganglia
What connects the neocortex of the two temporal lobes?
- The corpus callosum
What connects the medial temporal cortex and amygdala between the two hemispheres?
- The anterior commissure
What general areas make up the medial temporal lobe area?
- Amygdala and adjacent cortex (uncus)
- The hippocampus and surrounding cortex (subiculum, entorhinal, perirhinal, parahippocampal)
- Fusiform gyrus
What is the purpose of the medial temporal projections from auditory and visual association areas?
- They are very important for long-term memory
What’s the general cortical map of projections from the medial temporal areas?
1) Auditory and visual associaton areas
2) Perirhinal cortex
3) Entorhinal cortex
4) hippocampus and/or amygdala
What’s the purpose of projections from visual and auditory and somatic areas converging upon the STS?
- Most likely a polymodal pathway that underlies stimulus categorization
- Involved in cross-modal matching
What’s the function of the dorsal auditory pathway projections?
- Directs movements with respect to auditory information
What are projections from the temporal lobes to the frontal lobes help achieve?
- Help with movement control, short-term memory, and affect/emotion/mood
What do connections from the olfactory bulb to the temporal piriform cortex help achieve?
- Odor perception and memory
- Routed via the dorsomedial nucleus in thalamus
- Also has connections to the amygdala, OFC and entorhinal cortex
Why is the temporal lobe considered multi-functional?
- Houses auditory cortex, limbic cortex (emotions), part of olfactory cortex, amygdala and hippocampus
- Play major role in visual object recognition, especially in the perception of faces
What’s biological motion?
- Movements that have a particular relevance to a species
- Ex. Ability to read eyes, lips, hand movements
How is the STS involved in biological motion?
- STS receives multimodal inputs that play a role in categorizing stimuli
- Understanding social stimuli is important for social cognition/theory of mind (understanding the the mental states of others)
What’s considered the “classic” model for explaining the neural pathways for face processing?
- The STS stream helps classify changeable characteristics of the person (i.e., expression, gaze); social cognition
- The FFA stream helps classify invariant characteristics of the person (i.e., identity, gender)
What does the alternative model for explaining the neural pathways for face processing?
- The STS stream is involved in classifying motion
- The FFA stream is involved in classifying form
- The two streams are not completely separate in this model
