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Anatomical Terminology - Bushey > Chapter 15 Test > Flashcards

Chapter 15 Test Flashcards

1
Q

What are bones primary purpose?

A

Protect and support internal organs

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2
Q

What tissue manufactures blood cells?

A

Hematopoietic tissue

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3
Q

Joints are where…

A

Bones come together

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4
Q

Muscles are responsible for what?

A

Movement

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5
Q

Where are muscles attached?

A

Bones, internal organs, and blood vessels

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6
Q

What binds muscles to bones?

A

Tendons

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7
Q

What binds bones to other bones?

A

Ligaments

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8
Q

Who treats bone, joint, and muscle conditions?

A

Orthopedists

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9
Q

Who specializes in primarily joint problems?

A

Rheumatologists

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10
Q

Whose focus is on rehabilitation after injury or illness to muscles, bones, and nerves?

A

Physiatrists

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11
Q

Who manipulates the spinal column, joints, and soft tissues?

A

Chiropractor

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12
Q

Who develops a treatment plan based on a physician’s diagnosis?

A

Physical therapist

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13
Q

Technical name for bone formation

A

Ossification

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14
Q

What replaces cartilage during ossification?

A

Osteoblasts

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15
Q

What reabsorbs, or digests, bony tissues?

A

Osteoclasts

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16
Q

The formation of bone depends largely on a proper supply of…

A

Calcium and Phosphorus

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17
Q

What gland secretes a hormone that signals the release of calcium from bone storage?

A

Parathyroid gland

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18
Q

Where are long bones found?

A

Thigh, lower leg, and upper and lower arm

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19
Q

Where are short bones found?

A

Wrist and ankle

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20
Q

Where are flat bones found?

A

Covering soft body parts

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21
Q

What are sesamoid bones?

A

Small, rounded bones

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22
Q

Where are sesamoid bones found?

A

Near joints, kneecap

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23
Q

What bones increase the efficiency of muscles near a particular joint?

A

Sesamoid bones

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24
Q

Where is the diaphysis found?

A

The middle region of a long bone

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25
Q

Where is the epiphysis found?

A

At each end of a long bone

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26
Q

What is another name for a growth plate?

A

Epiphyseal line or plate

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27
Q

What is the flared portion of the bone?

A

Metaphysis

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28
Q

What is a strong, fibrous, vascular membrane that covers the surface of long bones?

A

Periosteum

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29
Q

What is a layer of hard, dense bone that lies under the periosteum in all bones and is located chiefly around the diaphysis of long bones?

A

Compact (cortical) bone

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30
Q

What canals are found in the compact bone?

A

Haversian canala

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31
Q

Where is yellow matter formed?

A

Medullary cavity

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32
Q

Where is red bone marrow found?

A

Cancellous/spongy bone

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33
Q

What is the production of all types of blood cells in the bone marrow?

A

Hematopoiesis

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34
Q

What are soft spots in the cranium called?

A

Fontanells

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35
Q

What forms the roof and upper side parts of the skull?

A

Parietal bone

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36
Q

What is the delicate bone, composed of spongy, cancellous tissue; supports the nasal cavity and orbits of the eye?

A

Ethmoid bone

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37
Q

What forms the back and base of the skull?

A

Occipital bone

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38
Q

What forms the forehead?

A

Frontal bone

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39
Q

What is a bat shaped bone extending behind the eyes to form the base of the skull?

A

Sphenoid bone

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40
Q

What is the bone near the ear and is connected to the lower jaw?

A

Temporal bone

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41
Q

Cheekbone

A

Zygomatic bone

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42
Q

What is the bone that supports the bridge of the nose?

A

Nasal bone

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43
Q

What is the thin, flat bone forming the lower portion of the nasal septum?

A

Vomer

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44
Q

Lower jawbone

A

Mandible

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45
Q

Upper jawbone

A

Maxilla

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46
Q

What are two paired bones, each located at the corner of each eye?

A

Lacrimal bone

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47
Q

Air cavities

A

Sinuses

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48
Q

What is the space through which the spinal cord passes?

A

Neural canal

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49
Q

Piece of cartilage between two cartilage?

A

Intervertabral disk

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50
Q

Posterior part of a vertebra

A

Vertebral arch

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51
Q

Anterior part of a vertebrae

A

Vertebral body

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52
Q

Three parts of the pelvis

A

Ilium, Ischium, and pubis

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53
Q

Opening of occipital bone

A

Foramen magnum

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54
Q

Calcaneus

A

Heel bone

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55
Q

Point of shoulder blade

A

Acromion

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56
Q

Lower, narrow portion of sternum

A

Xiphoid process

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57
Q

Portion of vertebral arch

A

Lamina

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58
Q

Ankle joint

A

Malleolus

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59
Q

Rounded socket, forms hip joint

A

Acetabulum

60
Q

Area of confluence of two pubic bones in pelvis

A

Pubic symphysis

61
Q

Elbow

A

Olecranon

62
Q

Rounded projection on temporal bone behind ear

A

Mastoid process

63
Q

Pole-like process extending downward from temporal on each side of skill

A

Styloid process

64
Q

Kyph/o

A

Humpback

65
Q

Lord/o

A

Curve, swayback

66
Q

Myel/o

A

Bone marrow

67
Q

Orth/o

A

Straight

68
Q

Scoli/o

A

Bent

69
Q

Spondyl/o

A

Vertebra

70
Q

-blast

A

Embryonic cell

71
Q

-lithesis

A

Slipping

72
Q

-physis

A

To grow

73
Q

-porosis

A

Pore, passage

74
Q

-tome

A

Instrument to cut

75
Q

Acetabul/o

A

Acetabulum

76
Q

Perone/o

A

Fibula

77
Q

Rare malignant tumor arising in bone; often in children

A

Ewing Sarcoma

78
Q

Bony (benign) growth arising from the surface of bone

A

Exostosis

79
Q

Traumatic breaking of a bone

A

Fracture

80
Q

Common malignant tumor arising from osteoblasts, found primarily in children and adolescents

A

Osteogenic sarcoma

81
Q

Softening of bone, with inadequate amounts of mineral in the bone

A

Osteomalacia

82
Q

Inflammation of the bone and bone marrow secondary to infection

A

Osteomyelitis

83
Q

Decrease in bone density (mass); thinning and weakening of bone

A

Osteoporosis

84
Q

Congenital abnormality of the hindfoot

A

Talipes

85
Q

Freely movable joints

A

Synovial joints

86
Q

Ankly/o

A

Stiff

87
Q

Articul/o

A

Joint

88
Q

Chondr/o

A

Cartilage

89
Q

Rheumat/o

A

Watery flow

90
Q

-desis

A

To bind, tie together

91
Q

-stenosis

A

Narrowing

92
Q

Chronic, progressive arthritis with stiffening of spinal joints, primarily of the spine

A

Ankylosing spondylitis

93
Q

Inflammation and painful swelling of joints caused by excessive uric acid in the body

A

Gouty Arthritis

94
Q

Progressive, degenerative joint disease with loss of articular cartilage and hypertrophy of bone at articular surfaces

A

Osteoarthritis

95
Q

Chronic joint condition with inflammation and pain; autoimmune reaction against joint tissue, particularly the synovial membrane

A

Rheumatoid Arthritis

96
Q

Enlargement of bone or tissue around the joint at the base of the big toe

A

Bunion

97
Q

Compression of the median nerve as it passes between the transverse ligament. and bones and tendons of the wrist

A

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

98
Q

Displacement of a bone from its joint

A

Dislocation

99
Q

Fluid-filled sac arising from joint capsules or tendons

A

Ganglion cyst

100
Q

Abnormal protrusion of an intervertebral disk into the spinal nerves

A

Herniation of an intervertebral disk

101
Q

Chronic, recurrent disorder marked by severe arthritis, myalgia and malaise; cause is bacterium caused by a tick

A

Lyme disease

102
Q

Trauma to a joint with swelling and injury to ligaments

A

Sprain

103
Q

Chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease involving joints, skin, kidneys, cns, heart, and lungs

A

Lupus

104
Q

Decreasing the angle between two bones; bending a limb

A

Flexion

105
Q

Increasing the angle between two bones; straightening out a limb

A

Extension

106
Q

Movement away from the midline of the body

A

Abduction

107
Q

Movement toward the midline of the body

A

Adduction

108
Q

Circular movement around an axis

A

Rotation

109
Q

Decreasing the angle of the ankle joint so that the foot moves upward, toward the knee or ceiling

A

Dorsiflexion

110
Q

Motion that moves the foot downward toward the ground as when pointing the toes or stepping on the gas pedal

A

Plantar flexion

111
Q

Act of turning the palm up

A

Supination

112
Q

Act of turning the palm down

A

Pronation

113
Q

Fibr/o

A

Fibrous

114
Q

Leiomy/o

A

Smooth muscle

115
Q

Myos/o

A

Muscle

116
Q

Plant/o

A

Sole of the foot

117
Q

Rhabdomy/o

A

Skeletal muscle

118
Q

Sarc/o

A

Muscle and flesh

119
Q

-asthenia

A

Lack of strength

120
Q

-trophy

A

Development

121
Q

Group of inherited diseases characterized by progressive weakness and degeneration of muscle fibers without involvement of the nervous system

A

Muscular dystrophy

122
Q

Chronic inflammatory myopathy

A

Polymyositis

123
Q

Detects an antibody often present in serum of patients with lupus and other autoimmune diseases

A

Antinuclear antibody test

124
Q

Measures time it takes for erythrocytes to settle to the bottom of a test tube

A

Erythrocyte Sedimention Rate

125
Q

Serum is tested for the presence of an antibody found in many patients with rheumatoid arthritis

A

Rheumatoid Factor test

126
Q

Measurement of calcium level in serum

A

Serum Calcium

127
Q

Measurement of the enzyme creatine kinase in serum

A

Serum Creatine Kinase

128
Q

Measurement of uric acid in serum

A

Uric acid test

129
Q

Surgical puncture to remove fluid from the joint space

A

Arthrocentisis

130
Q

Taking x-ray images after injection of contract material into a joint

A

Arthrography

131
Q

Surgical repair or replacement of a joint

A

Arthroplasty

132
Q

Visual examination of a joint with an arthroscope, which projects an image on a video monitor

A

Arthroscopy

133
Q

Low-energy x-ray absorption in bones of the spinal column, pelvis, and wrist is used to measure bone mass

A

Bone density test

134
Q

Uptake of a radioactive substance is measured in bone

A

Bone scan

135
Q

X-ray beam and computer provide cross-sectional and other images

A

Computed Tomography

136
Q

X-ray examination of cervical or lumbar intervertebral disk after injection of contrast into nucleus pulposus

A

Diskpgraphy

137
Q

Recording the strength of muscle contraction as a result of electrical stimulation

A

Electromyography

138
Q

A strong magnetic field and advanced computing technology are used to create high-resolution images of soft tissue

A

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

139
Q

Removal of muscle tissue for microscopic examination

A

Muscle biopsy

140
Q

Fibrous membrane separating and enveloping muscles

A

Fascia

141
Q

Connection of the muscle to a bone that moves; usually distal on the skeleton

A

Insertion of a muscle

142
Q

Connection of the muscle to a stationary bone; usually proximal on the skeleton

A

Origin of a muscle

143
Q

Muscle connected to bone; voluntary or skeletal muscle

A

Striated muscle

144
Q

Muscle connected to internal organs; involuntary or smooth muscle

A

Visceral Muscle

145
Q

Striated in appearance and involuntary

A

Cardiac muscle

Anatomical Terminology - Bushey (18 decks)

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