Chapter 15: The Chromosomal basic of inheritance Flashcards
What is sex-linked gene
Gene that is located on either sex chromosome
What chromosome is bigger and have more genes (X or Y chromosome)?
X chromosome
Who developed the chromosome theory of inheritance
Sutton and Boveri in 1902
What sex that X-linked recessive disorders are more common
Male because male just need one X chromosome while females need two
What are some X-linked recessive disorders
Classic Hemophilia (lack of Facto VIII)
Red-green color blindness
Dunchenne Muscular Dystrophy
What are linked genes
Genes that are located on the same chromosome and inherited together
What is genetic linkage
The tendency of certain alleles to be inherited together
What cause genetic disorders and miscarriage
Large scale chromosomal alterations
Do plants or human can tolerate genetic changes better
Plants
What cause the alterations of chromosomes
Errors in meiosis
What is aneuploidy
A single chromosome is either missing or being added
Characteristics of Trisomy 21
- Down syndrome
- 3 copies of chromosome 21
- Affects the heart
- Increases with the age of the mother
Characteristics of polyploidy
- More than two sets of chromosomes
- more common in plants than animals
- More normal in appearance than aneuploidy.
Poplyploid in animals
- Occur in some fish and amphibian (frogs, salamanders)
- Human cells like liver, heart and cancer
What are some alterations in chromosome structure
- Deletion
- Duplication
- Inversion
- Translocation (one chromosome to another chromosome)
