chapter 15: the cutaneous senses

Question 1

proprioception

Answer 1

ability to sense position of the body and limbs

Question 2

kinesthesis

Answer 2

ability to sense the movement of the body and limbs

Question 3

merkel receptors

Answer 3

slow adapting fibers, responds to pressure in the skin, course texture, fires to continuous pressure. used for fine details, texture, and shape

Question 4

messier corpuscle

Answer 4

rapidly adapting fibers, responds to pressure in the skin, fires to “on” and “off” pressure. used for handgrip control and motion across the skin

Question 5

Ruffini cylinder

Answer 5

slow adapting fiber, deeper in the skin, responds to continuous pressure. used for stretching

Question 6

pacinian corpuscle

Answer 6

rapidly adapting fiber, deeper in the skin, fires to “on” and “off” pressure. used for vibration and fine texture by moving your fingers

Question 7

where does all sensory information come into ?

Answer 7

dorsal root

Question 8

though the spinal cord what are the two pathways to take it to the brain ?

Answer 8

medial lemniscus and spinothalamic tract

Question 9

medial lemniscus

Answer 9

large fibers, fast, proprioception, touch perception

Question 10

spinothalamic tract

Answer 10

small fibers, temperature, pain

Question 11

what is the main stopping point within the thalamus for touch ?

Answer 11

ventrolateral nucleus of the thalamus

Question 12

periaqueductal grey for somatosensation

Answer 12

pain perception, grooming behaviors

Question 13

insula for somatosensation

Answer 13

sensing light touch

Question 14

anterior cingulate cortex for somatosensation

Answer 14

involved in pain, emotion regulation when dealing with pain

Question 15

prefrontal cortex for somatosensation

Answer 15

how you process the pain and touch, personality dependent

Question 16

duplex theory of texture perception

Answer 16

perception of texture depends on both spatial cues and temporal cues

Question 17

what types of receptors go with spatial cues ?

Answer 17

merkel receptors

Question 18

what is the tactile area of the thalamus ?

Answer 18

ventral posterior nucleus

Question 19

what are the three things neurons specialize in ?

Answer 19

orientation, movement, and objects

Question 20

what type of nerve fibers does hairy skin have ?

Answer 20

CT afferents

Question 21

social touch hypothesis includes what two functions of touch ?

Answer 21

discriminative and affective

Question 22

inflammatory pain

Answer 22

damage to tissues, inflammation to joints

Question 23

neuropathic pain

Answer 23

lesions or damage to the nervous system

Question 24

nociceptive pain

Answer 24

caused by activation of nociceptors, respond to tissue damage or potential damage

Question 25

gate control model of pain

Answer 25

additional pathways act to open or close a gate in the spinal cord which determines the strength of the signal

Question 26

multimodal nature of pain includes...?

Answer 26

sensory and affective components

Question 27

physical social pain overlap hypothesis

Answer 27

pain resulting from negative social experiences are processed by some of the same neural circuitry that processes physical pain