CHAPTER 16 Flashcards
psychotherapy
is an interaction between a socially sanctioned clinician and someone suffering from a psychological problem, with the goal of providing support or relief from the problem.
Eclectic psychotherapy
form of psychotherapy that involves drawing on techniques from different forms of therapy, depending on the client and the problem.
Psychodynamic psychotherapies
- explore childhood events and encourage individuals to use the understanding gained from the exploration to develop insight into their psychological problems.
-Freud - Replaced by modern psychodynamic therapies (interpersonal psychotherapy )
Psychoanalysis
Assumes people are born with aggressive and sexual urges that are repressed during childhood
Goal: to understand the unconscious through a process Freud called developing insight
Interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT)
a form of psychotherapy that focuses on helping clients improve current relationships
Attention to grief, role disputes, role transitions or interpersonal deficits
Mentality: Relationship will improve, and symptoms will subside
More likely gove interpretation (therapists)
Person-centred therapy (or client-centred therapy)
assumes that all individuals have a tendency towards growth and that this growth can be facilitated by acceptance and genuine reactions from the therapist.
Clients create their own goals
Therapists demonstrate: congruence, empathy and unconditional positive regard
The goal is not to uncover repressed conflicts, as in psychodynamic therapy, but instead to try to understand the client’s experience and reflect that experience back to the client in a supportive way, encouraging the client’s natural tendency towards growth
Gestalt therapy
The goal is not to uncover repressed conflicts, as in psychodynamic therapy, but instead to try to understand the client’s experience and reflect that experience back to the client in a supportive way, encouraging the client’s natural tendency towards growth
Behaviour therapy
behavioural and cognitive treatments emphasize actively changing a in person’s current thoughts and behaviours as a way to mitigate or eliminate their psychopathology.
Eliminating unwanted behaviour
- Behaviour can be influenced by its consequences
- Ex: timeout and not giving candy to make a kid shut up
Promoting desired behaviours
- Rewarding non-use for drug addicts = getting money, bus passes, clothes
-token economy
Reducing unwanted emotional responses
- Gradual exposure to reduce anxious behaviour
token economy
involves giving clients “tokens” for desired behaviours that they can later trade for rewards.
Exposure therapy
approach to the treatment of the client that involves confronting an emotion-arousing stimulus directly and repeatedly, ultimately leading to a decrease in the emotional response
Depends on processes of habituation and response extinction
Have to do it until the anxiety decreases- if not then it is harmful
Cognitive therapy
focuses on helping a client identify and correct any distorted thinking about self, others, or the world
Behaviouralists might explain a phobia as the outcome of a classical conditioning experience such as benign bitten by a dog
Cognitive theorists emphasize the interpretation of the event
Cognitive restructuring
teaches clients to question the automatic beliefs, assumptions, and predictions that often lead to negative emotions and to replace negative thinking with more realistic and positive beliefs.
Mindfulness meditation
teaches an individual to be fully present in each moment; to be aware of his or her thoughts, feelings, and sensations; and to detect symptoms before they become a problem.
Helpful in preventing relapse
Cognitive behavioural therapy
a blend of cognitive and behavioural therapeutic strategies.
his technique acknowledges that there may be behaviours that people cannot control through rational thought, but also that there are ways of helping people think more rationally when thought does play a role.
Problem-focused and action orientated
The client is informed of techniques and such (a very transparent form of therapy)
group therapy
a type of therapy in which multiple participants (who often do not know one another at the outset) work on their individual problems in a group atmosphere
, not an approach in itself but a mode of delivering treatment. That is, group therapy can be psychodynamic, cognitive, cognitive behavioural, and so on, in its approach.
