Chapter 16

Question 1

The Economy

Answer 1

Social arrangements that organize the production, distribution, and consumption of goods

Question 2

Economies through time

Answer 2

Hunting/Gathering
Horticulturalism
Pastoralism
Agriculture
Pre-industrial
Industrialization
Post-Industrialization

Question 3

Hunting/Gathering

Answer 3

Everyone acquiring food for immediate consumption

Question 4

Horticulturalism

Answer 4

Turning soil, slash and burn

Question 5

Pastoralism

Answer 5

Making a living by tending to herds of animals

Question 6

Agriculture

Answer 6

Led to increase in population, animals used to pull plows

Question 7

Pre-Industrial

Answer 7

Loved art, crafts, woodworking

Question 8

Industrialization

Answer 8

Using non-animate sources of energy to produce goods

Question 9

Post-industrialization

Answer 9

Smaller, more flexible workplaces

Question 10

Sectors of the Economy

Answer 10

Primary: Exploiting raw materials
Secondary: Transform materials into goods
Tertiary: Provide services (75% of all jobs)

Question 11

Labour markets

Answer 11

Primary: Stable and comfortable salary, fringe benefits
Secondary: Insecure and temporary, offer minimal pay, few opportunities to advance

Question 12

Labour Unions

Answer 12

Represent workers to improve wages and working conditions

Question 13

Approaches to Work

Answer 13

Functionalism: Work is an integral part of the social structure
Conflict theory: Alienation- De-skilling workers is the trend in industrial production
Symbolic Int.: Work defines sense of self-worth and acceptance
Feminist: Women live two separate working worlds

Question 14

Capitalism

Answer 14

Grounded in private ownership of the means of production
(private ownership, ability to pursue
personal gain and profit,)

Question 15

State Capitalism

Answer 15

Political and economic system combining free-market principles with social welfare programs
–> Assure all citizens have health care, education, etc.

Question 16

Socialism

Answer 16

Raw materials and the means of production are collectively owned
(collective ownership,
centralized, state-administered planning agency, no profit motive)

Question 17

Political Economy

Answer 17

Interactions of politics, government and governing, and the social and cultural constitution of markets, institutions and actors

Question 18

Bureaucracy

Answer 18

a rational organization designed to
complete many routine tasks as efficiently as possible

Question 19

Bureaucracy Features

Answer 19

Division of labour
Written records
Hierarchy of authority
Hiring based on expertise
Separation between duties and personal relations

Question 20

Global Political Systems

Answer 20

Monarchies
Absolute Monarchy
Constitutional Monarchy
Authoritarian Regimes
Dictatorship
Totalitarianism
Democracy

Question 21

Monarchies

Answer 21

Power and legitimacy resides in a single person or single family, passed down generationally

Question 22

Absolute Monarchy

Answer 22

Monarchs defined through family membership

Question 23

Constitutional Monarchy

Answer 23

Symbolic in that true leadership is held by elected body

Question 24

Authoritarian Regimes

Answer 24

Controlled by rulers who do not allow citizens to participate

Question 25

Dictatorship

Answer 25

Leader relies on personal loyalties and threats of force

Question 26

Totalitarianism

Answer 26

No limits on leaders’ use of force

Question 27

Democracy

Answer 27

Individual adult citizens select their
representative leaders through an electoral process