chapter 16-18 test

Question 1

the smallest particle of an element that retains the elements properties

Answer 1

atom

Question 2

the small, positively charged center of the atom

Answer 2

nucleus

Question 3

particles in the nucleus with an electric charge of +1

Answer 3

protons

Question 4

electrically neutral particles in the nucleus, dont have charge

Answer 4

neutrons

Question 5

particles with an electric charge of 1-; occupy space surrounding nucleus of atom

Answer 5

electrons

Question 6

smaller particles that protons and neutrons are made of

Answer 6

quarks

Question 7

area around the nucleus of an atom where electrons are most likely to be found

Answer 7

electron cloud

Question 8

the number of protons in an atoms nucleus

Answer 8

atomic number

Question 9

the sum of the numbver of protons and the number of neutrons in the nucleus of an atom

Answer 9

mass number

Question 10

atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons

Answer 10

isotopes

Question 11

the weighted average mass of all naturally occuring isotopes of an element, measured in atomic mass units, according to their natural abundances

Answer 11

average atomic mass

Question 12

elements arranged by increasing atomic NUMBER, and by periodic changes in physical and chemical properties

Answer 12

periodic table

Question 13

horizontal rows of elements in the periodic table

Answer 13

periods

Question 14

vertical columns in the periodic table

Answer 14

groups

Question 15

uses the chemical symbol of an element surrounded by dots to represent the number of electrons in the outermost energy level

Answer 15

electron dot diagram

Question 16

elements that are shiny, malleable, ductile, and good conductors of heat and electricity

Answer 16

metals

Question 17

can be hammered and rolled into sheets

Answer 17

malleable

Question 18

can be drawn into wiresd

Answer 18

ductile

Question 19

positively charged metallic ions are surrounded by a sea of electrons

Answer 19

metallic bonding

Question 20

when the nucleus breaks down and gives off particles and energy

Answer 20

radioactive element

Question 21

elements in group 3-12 in the periodic table

Answer 21

transition elements

Question 22

elements that are usually gases or solids at room temperature

Answer 22

nonmetals

Question 23

2 atoms of the same element in a covalent bond

Answer 23

diatomic molecule

Question 24

elements that have some properties of metals and some properties of nonmetals

Answer 24

metalloids

Question 25

different molecular structures of the same element

Answer 25

allotropes

Question 26

elements that conduct an electric current under certain conditions

Answer 26

semiconductors

Question 27

elements that have more than 92 protons, the atomic number of uranium

Answer 27

transuratium elements

Question 28

shows what elements a compound contains and the exact number of the atoms of each element in a unit of that compound

Answer 28

chemical formula

Question 29

the force that holds atoms together in a compound

Answer 29

chemical bond

Question 30

a charged particle that has either more or fewer electrons than protons

Answer 30

ion

Question 31

force of attraction between the opposite charges of the ions in an ionic compound

Answer 31

ionic bond

Question 32

the attraction that forms between atoms when they share electrons

Answer 32

covalent bond

Question 33

the neutral particle that forms as a result of electrons sharing

Answer 33

molecule

Question 34

covalent bond in which electrons are shared equally by both atoms

Answer 34

nonpolar bond

Question 35

a bond in which electrons are shared unequally, resulting in a slightly positive end and a slightly negative end

Answer 35

polar bond

Question 36

one in which the unequal sharing of electrons results in a slightly positive end and a slightly negative end, although the oerall molecule is neutral

Answer 36

polar molecules

Question 37

molecule that does not have oppositelty charged ends

Answer 37

nonpolar molecule

Question 38

positive or negative number that indicates how many electrons an atom has gained, lost, or shared to become stable q

Answer 38

oxidation number

Question 39

easiest compounds to write formulas for

Answer 39

binary compunds

Question 40

+ or - charged, covalently bonded group of atoms

Answer 40

polyatomic ion