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physical science > unit 5 > Flashcards

unit 5 Flashcards

1
Q

what can you use to describe temperature

A

hot and cold

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2
Q

what is a constant random motion made up of molelcules and ions?

A

matter

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3
Q

the particles in matter have what type of energy?

A

kinetic

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4
Q

measure of the avergae kinetic enrgy of the particles that make up the object

A

temperature

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5
Q

temperature is measured in what?

A

kelvins

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6
Q

1 k = how many degrees C

A

1

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7
Q

sum of kinetic energy and the potenital energy of all the particles that make up that object

A

thermal enerrgy

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8
Q

thermal energy depnds on what 2 factors

A

temperature and mass

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9
Q

if mass object ____, the thermal energy of the object _____

A

increases, increases

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10
Q

energy that is transformed between objects due to tmeperature between those objects

A

heat

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11
Q

heat can change depending on the ___ of the object

A

nature

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12
Q

the amount of heat needed to raise the tempearure of 1 kg of that material by 1 degree C

A

specific heat

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13
Q

substance that can absorb great amount of thermal enrgy with little change in temperature

A

coolant

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14
Q

change in thermal energy equation

A

Q = m(Tf - Ti)C

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15
Q

the transfer of thermal energy by collisions between the particles that amke up matter

A

conduction

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16
Q

true or false:
conduction, convection, and radiation transfer energy

A

true

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17
Q

how does the trasnfer of energy occur?

A

particles that make up matter are in constant motion

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18
Q

the rate at which conduction transfers tyermal energy depends on the _____

A

material

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19
Q

conduction is faster in _____ and ______

A

solids; liquids

20
Q

what is the best condcutor of thermal enrgy

A

metals

21
Q

in what can convection transfer thermal energy

A

fluids

22
Q

the trasnfer of thermal energy ina fluid by the movemnts of warmer and cooler fluids

A

convection

23
Q

what type of currents trasnfer thermal energy from warmer to coolor parts of the convection currents

A

convection currents

24
Q

what two things transfer themals energy

A

convection and conduction

25
Q

what transfers enrgy from the sun to earth

A

radiation

26
Q

the transefr of enegy by electromagnetic waves such as light and microwaves

A

radiation

27
Q

can radiation travel through space even when matter ist present

A

yes

28
Q

radiation travels better through

A

gases

29
Q

a material through which therm. energy moves slowly

A

thermal insulator

30
Q

what si the most common type of heating system

A

forced air system

31
Q

transfers thermal energy in hot water

A

conductions

32
Q

spreads energy throughout room

A

convection

33
Q

materials inside of builiding absorb radiant energy from sun and heatup

A

passive solar heating

34
Q

solar collector is used

A

active solar heating

35
Q

device that turns radiant energy from sun to thermal energy

A

solar collector

36
Q

thermal heat, energy, work are all _____

A

related

37
Q

study of relationships between thermal energy, heat, and work

A

thermodynamics

38
Q

you ____ energy of a system whenever you do work on that system or heat that system

A

increase

39
Q

if the mechanical energy of a system is constant the increae in the thermal enrgy of that system = the sum of the thermal enegry transfers into that system and the work done on that system

A

the first law of thermodynamis

40
Q

how to increase temp system

A

heat system

41
Q

system isolated

A

if no enrgy trasnfers with system and its surroundings

42
Q

system non isolated

A

if no enrgy trasnfers with system in its surroundings

43
Q

energy spontaneously spreads from regions of higher to lower concentration

A

second law of thermodynamics

44
Q

device that converts some therm. energy to mech. energy

A

heat engine

45
Q

heat engine that burns fuel inside a set of cylinders

A

internal combustion engine

physical science (9 decks)

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