Chapter 16 Flashcards
(44 cards)
Passenger includes…
Size of fetal head Fetal presentation Fetal lie Fetal attitude Fetal position
The two most important fontanels are:
Anterior and Posterior
The anterior fontanel is ______ shaped, located at the junction of the sagittal, coronal, and frontal sutures, and closes by ____________ after birth.
Diamond, 18 months
The posterior fontanel is ______ shaped, located at the sutures of the two parietal bones and the occipital bone, and closes by __________ after birth.
triangular, 6-8 weeks.
Woman who has completed two or more pregnancies to 20 or more weeks of gestation.
Multipara
Number of pregnancies in which the fetus or fetuses have reached 20 weeks of gestation when they are born.
Parity (para)
Postterm describes pregnancies that go beyond ____ weeks of gestation and preterm describes pregnancies that reach ____ weeks but deliver before ____ weeks.
42, 20, 37
Cephalic presentation indicates ______ first, breech presentation indicates ______ first, and shoulder presentation indicates _____ first.
Head, buttocks/feet or both, scapula
The two types of lie and description.
Longitudinal/Vertical: long axis (back) of fetus is parallel with the long axis (back) of mother
Transverse/horizontal/oblique: Long axis of fetus is at a right angle or diagonal to the long axis of mother.
- *Vaginal birth cannot occur with transverse lie.
- *Oblique (diagonal) lie usually converts to transverse
The relation of the fetal body parts to one another is termed _____. The ideal is ________ while ______ is less desired.
- Fetal attitude
- General flexion (fetus rounded, chin flexed on chest, thighs flexed on abdomen, legs flexed at knee, arms crossed, umbilical between arms and legs).
- Extension
The _________ is the largest transverse diameter and is an important indicator of _______. It is about ______ cm at term.
Biparietal diameter, fetal head size, 9.25
*Biparietal is largest presenting part.
The __________ is an anteroposterior diameter and is the smallest and most crucial. It is about _____cm at term.
Suboccipitobregmatic, 9.5cm
The relationship of a reference point on the presenting part to the four quadrants of the mother’s pelvis. Should be _______, ________, or ______.
Fetal Position, anterior, posterior, transverse
The relationship of the presenting fetal part to an imaginary line drawn between the maternal ischial spines- a measurement of descent.
Station
Station 0 usually indicates…. and is located at….
Engagement, level with ischial spines (- indicates cm above, + indicates cm below)
First letter of fetal position is the….. and can be….
- Location of Presenting part
- Left or Right (according to position of the back) L or R
The second letter of fetal position indicates the….. and could be…..
- Presenting part:
- O- Occiput (head)
- S- Sacrum (buttocks)
- M- Mentrum (chin)
- A- Shoulder (scapula)
The third letter of fetal position signifies the…. and can be…
- Relationship of presenting fetal part (in relation to the back) to the woman’s pelvis
-A- anterior
P- posterior
T- transverse
The four types of bony pelvis and their shapes:
- Gynecoid- round Ideal
- Android- Heart
- Anthropoid- Oval
- Platypelloid- Flattened Oval
Primary powers are ____________ and signal __________. Once the cervix is dilated, _______________ are called secondary powers.
- Involuntary uterine contraction
- Beginning of labor
- Voluntary bearing-down efforts
________ is the thinning and shortening of the cervix. ______ is the widening of the cervix and can be slowed down by ___________.
- Effacement
- Dilation
- Surgery, STIs (cervical scarring)
_________ is the maternal urge to push as a result of released _______.
Ferguson reflex, oxytocin
True or False: The nurse should encourage the mother to use the valsalva maneuver to aid in pushing efforts.
False- it is discouraged and open-glottis method is encouraged.
The nurse knows the cervix is fully dilated when….
It can no longer be palpated.
