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PDCI Fall 2020 Medical Terminology > Chapter 16 > Flashcards

Chapter 16 Flashcards

1
Q

balan/o

A

glans penis

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2
Q

epididym/o

A

epididymis

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3
Q

orch/o
orchi/o
orchid/o
test/o

A

testis or testicle

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4
Q

perine/o

A

perineum

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5
Q

prostat/o

A

prostate

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6
Q

sperm/o

spermat/o

A

sperm (seed)

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7
Q

vas/o

A

vessel

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8
Q

scrotum

A

a bag

skin-covered pouch in the groin that is divided into two sacs, each containing a testis and an epididymis

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9
Q

testis (testicle)

A

one of the two male reproductive glands, located in the scrotum, that produces sperm and the male hormone testosterone

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10
Q

sperm

spermatozoon

A

male gamete or sex cell produced in the testes that unites with the ovum in the female to produce offspring

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11
Q

epididymis

A

coiled duct on top and at the side of the testis that stores sperm before emission

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12
Q

penis

A

erectile tissue covered with skin that contains the urethra for urination and ducts for the secretion of seminal fluid (semen)

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13
Q

glans penis

A

bulging structure at the distal end of the penis (glans = acorn)

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14
Q

prepuce

A

foreskin

loose casing covering the glans penis - removed by circumcision

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15
Q

vas deferens

A

duct that carries sperm from the epididymis to the ejaculatory duct (vas = vessel, deferent = carrying away)

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16
Q

seminal vesicle

A

one of two sac-like structures lying behind the bladder and connected to the vas deferens on each side - secretes an alkaline substance into the semen to enable the sperm to live longer

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17
Q

semen

A

mixture of the secretions of the testes, seminal vesicles, prostate, and bulbourethral glands discharged from the male urethra during orgasm

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18
Q

ejaculatory duct

A

duct formed by the union of the vas deferens with the duct of the seminal vesicle

its fluid is carried into the urethra

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19
Q

prostate gland

A

trilobular gland that encircles the urethra just below the bladder - secretes an alkaline fluid into the semen

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20
Q

bulbourethral glands (Cowper glands)

A

pair of glands below the prostate with ducts opening into the urethra - adds a viscid (sticky) fluid to the semen

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21
Q

perineum

A

external region between the scrotum and anus in a male and between the vulva and anus in a female

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22
Q

spermatic cord

A

cord containing the vas deferens, arteries, veins, lymph vessels, and nerves that extends from the internal inguinal ring through the inguinal canal to each testicle

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23
Q

aspermia

A

inability to secrete or ejaculate sperm

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24
Q

azoospermia

A

semen without living spermatozoa, a sign of infertility in the male

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25
oligospermia
scanty production and expulsion of sperm
26
mucopurulent discharge
drainage of mucus and pus
27
anorchism
absence of one or both testes
28
balanitis
inflammation of glans penis
29
cryptorchism
undescended testicle failure of a testis to descend into the scrotal sac during fetal development it most often remains lodged in the abdomen or inguinal canal, requiring surgical repair
30
epididymitis
inflammation of the epididymis
31
hydrocele
hernia of fluid in the testis or tubes leading from the testis
32
hypospadias
congenital opening of the male urethra on the undersurface of the penis
33
erectile dysfunction (ED)
failure to initiate or maintain an erection until ejaculation because of physical or psychological dysfunction formerly termed impotence
34
Peyronie disease
disorder characterized by a buildup of hardened fibrous tissue in the corpus cavernosum causing pain and a defective curvature of the penis, especially during erection
35
phimosis
narrowed condition of the prepuce (foreskin) resulting in the inability to be drawn over the glans penis, often leading to infection - commonly requires circumcision
36
benign prostatic hyperplasia/hypertrophy (BPH)
enlargement of the prostate gland frequently seen in older men, causing urinary obstruction
37
prostate cancer
malignancy of the prostate gland
38
prostatitis
inflammation of the prostate
39
spermatocele
painless, benign cystic mass containing sperm lying above and posterior to the testicle, but separate from it
40
testicular cancer
malignant tumor in one or both testicles commonly developing from the germ cells that produces sperm - classified into two groups according to growth potential
41
seminoma
most common type of testicular tumor, composed of immature germ cells - highly treatable with early detection
42
nonseminomas
testicular tumors arising from more mature germ cells that have a tendency to be more aggressive than seminomas often develop earlier in life (includes choriocarcinoma, embryonal carcinoma, teratoma, and yolk sac tumors)
43
varicocele
enlarged, swollen, herniated veins near the testis
44
Major bacterial STDs
chlamydia gonorrhea syphilis
45
chlamydia
most common sexually transmitted bacterial infection in North America often occurs with no symptoms and is treated only after it has spread
46
gonorrhea
contagious inflammation of the genital mucous membranes caused by invasion of the gonococcus Neisseria gonorrhoeae
47
syphilis
infectious disease caused by a spirochete transmitted by direct intimate contact that may involve any organ or tissue over time usually manifested first on the skin with the appearance of small, painless red papule that erode and form bloodless ulcers called chancres
48
Major viral STDs
hepatitis B virus (HBV) herpes simplex virus 2 (HSV-2) human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) human papilloma virus (HPV)
49
hepatitis B virus (HBV)
virus that causes inflammation of the liver as a result of transmission through any body fluid, including vaginal secretions, semen, and blood
50
herpes simplex virus 2 (HSV-2)
virus that causes ulcer-like lesions of the genital and anorectal skin and mucosa after initial infection, the virus lies dormant in the nerve cell root and may recur at times of stress
51
human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
virus that causes acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), which permits various opportunistic infections, malignancies, and neurological diseases contracted through exposure to contaminated blood to body fluid
52
human papilloma virus (HPV) | condyloma acuminatum
virus transmitted by direct sexual contact that causes an infection that can occur on the skin or mucous membranes of the genitals on the skin, the lesions appear as cauliflower-like warts, and on the mucous membranes, they have a flat appearance (also known as venereal or genital warts)
53
biopsy (Bx)
tissue sampling used to identify neoplasia
54
biopsy of the prostate
needle biopsy of the prostate often performed using ultrasound guidance
55
testicular biopsy
biopsy of a testicle
56
digital rectal exam (DRE)
insertion of a finger into the male rectum ti palpate the rectum and prostate
57
prostate-specific antigen (PSA)
blood test used to screen for prostate cancer an elevated level of the antigen indicates the possible presence of tumor
58
urethrogram
x-ray of the urethra and prostate
59
semen analysis
study of semen, including a sperm count, with observation of morphology (form) and motility usually performed to rule out male infertility
60
endorectal (transrectal) sonogram of the prostate
scan of the prostate made after introducing an ultrasonic transducer into the rectum - also used to guide needle biopsy
61
circumcision
removal of the foreskin (prepuce), exposing the glans penis
62
epididymectomy
removal of the epididymis
63
orchiectomy | orchidectomy
removal of a testicle
64
orchioplasty
repair of a testicle
65
orchiopexy
fixation of an undescended testis in the scrotum
66
prostatectomy
excision of the prostate gland
67
transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP)
removal of prostatic gland tissue though the urethra using a resectoscope, a specialized urological endoscope - common treatment for benign prostatic hyperplasia/hypertrophy (BPH)
68
vasectomy
removal of a segment of the vas deferens to produce sterility in the male
69
vasovasotomy
restoration of the function of the vas deferens to regain fertility after vasectomy
70
chemotherapy
treatment of malignancies, infections, and other diseases with chemical agents that destroy selected cells or impair their ability to reproduce
71
cancer immunotherapy
treatment of cancer by stimulating the patient's own immune response by transfer of immune components such as antibodies or T cells from an outside source to kill cancer cells
72
radiation therapy
treatment of neoplastic disease by using radiation to deter the proliferation of malignant cells
73
brachytherapy
radiation technique involving internal implantation of radioactive isotopes, such as radioactive seeds to treat prostate cancer (brachy = localized application)
74
hormone replacement therapy (HRT)
use of a hormone to remedy a deficiency or regulate production (e.g., testosterone)
75
penile prosthesis
implantation of a device designed to provide an erection of the penis - used to treat physical impotence
76
penile self-injection
intracavernosal injection therapy causing an erection - used in treatment of ED

PDCI Fall 2020 Medical Terminology (6 decks)

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