Chapter 16

Question 1

A male Rufus red knot

Answer 1

Moonbird

Question 2

1995 the Rufus red knot was tagged with leg band in?

Answer 2

Argentina

Question 3

By May of 2014 the Rufus red knot had traveled over how many miles?

Answer 3

400,000

Question 4

The population of Rufus red knots has declined to how many by 2013?

Answer 4

30,000

Question 5

Why has the Rufus red knot declined so much?

Answer 5

decreased horseshoe crabs

Question 6

1973 law passed to protect and encourage population growth of threatened and endangered species

Answer 6

Endangered Species Act

Question 7

Entire variety of living organisms

Answer 7

Biodiversity

Question 8

the complete loss of a species

Answer 8

extinction

Question 9

Current 10 million species are only 1% of species that have ever existed.

Answer 9

True

Question 10

Whooping crane
Passenger pigeon
Black-footed ferret
Spotted skunk

Answer 10

Extinct or threatened species due to human activity

Question 11

Are we now experiencing the beginning of Biodiversity’s sixth mass extinction?

Answer 11

Yes

Question 12

Biodiversity of life has increased over 560 million years. Totaling how many mass extinctions?

Answer 12

5

Question 13

the rate at which species are lost through the normal evolutionary process

Answer 13

Background extinction rate

Question 14

1.species lack variability to adapt to environment

Answer 14

Extension occurs

Question 15

2.new species arise due to evolution

Answer 15

Extinction occurs

Question 16

Average lifespan of species is how many years?

Answer 16

1 million

Question 17

0.0001% if the _________ extinction rate per year.

Answer 17

background

Question 18

Calculated from known species disappearances

Answer 18

current extinction rate

Question 19

The current extinction rate is challenging to calculate.

Answer 19

True

Question 20

_________ are difficult to document.

Answer 20

extinctions

Question 21

Standard for extinct status:

Answer 21

no individuals of a species are seen in the wild for 50 years

Question 22

loss or degradation of habitat

Answer 22

Primary cause of extinction

Question 23

Introduction of non-native species

Answer 23

Primary cause of extinction

Question 24

Overexploitation of species

Answer 24

Primary cause of extinction

Question 25

Pollution

Answer 25

Primary cause of extinction

Question 26

The place where a particular species lives and obtains resources for survival

Answer 26

Habitat

Question 27

Damage and destruction threaten species

Answer 27

true

Question 28

_____ of endangered mammals.

Answer 28

83%

Question 29

_______ of endangered birds.

Answer 29

89%

Question 30

______ of endangered plants.

Answer 30

91%

Question 31

natural landscapes decline and the number of species supported decreases

Answer 31

habitat destruction

Question 32

most serious threat to species

Answer 32

habitat destruction

Question 33

Caused by human use and development

Answer 33

habitat destruction

Question 34

Habitat description caused by human use and development 1. 2. 3.

Answer 34

1. agricultural 2. industrial 3. residential

Question 35

Habitat destruction affects all _________.

Answer 35

ecosystems

Question 36

measures the relationship between the size of natural areas and the number of species supported

Answer 36

Species area curve

Question 37

Estimates rates of extinction in regions rapidly changing due to human activity

Answer 37

Species area curve

Question 38

At present rate of global habitat destruction, ____% of all species could become extinct with _____ years.

Answer 38

25% | 50 years

Question 39

Used to predict extinction caused by habitat destruction

Answer 39

Species area curve

Question 40

Large natural areas subdivided into smaller areas

Answer 40

Habitat fragmentation

Question 41

More commonly caused by human activity than complete habitat loss.

Answer 41

Habitat fragmentation

Question 42

Habitat fragmentation is specially threatening to?

Answer 42

large predators

Question 43

liner flow of energy within an ecosystem

Answer 43

food chain

Question 44

1. sun 2. producers 3. primary consumers 4. secondary consumers

Answer 44

Food chain

Question 45

photosynthetic organisms

Answer 45

producers

Question 46

feed on producers

Answer 46

primary consumers

Question 47

predators that feed on primary consumers

Answer 47

secondary consumers

Question 48

each position on the food chain

Answer 48

trophic level

Question 49

the flow of energy along a food chain = ________ pyramid

Answer 49

trophic

Question 50

most biomass at the bottom level of the trophic pyramid.

Answer 50

True

Question 51

Much energy lost as heat between levels of the trophic pyramid.

Answer 51

True

Question 52

non-native organisms brought by human activity either accidentally or purposely to new environments

Answer 52

Introduced species

Question 53

Compete with native species for resources

Answer 53

Introduced species

Question 54

Non-native zebra mussels compete with ______ mussels.

Answer 54

Native

Question 55

Japanese kudzu vines overgrow native trees and vines in southeast United States. This is an example of what type of species?

Answer 55

Introduced

Question 56

Pairs or groups of species adapt to each other via natural selection is an example of what type of evolution?

Answer 56

coevolution

Question 57

Native species have not co-evolved with introduced species.

Answer 57

True

Question 58

when the rate of human use of a species outpaces its reproduction

Answer 58

overexploitation

Question 59

1. exotic pets | 2. Medicinal value

Answer 59

Overexploitation

Question 60

Gray wold killed by ranchers

Answer 60

Overexploitation

Question 61

the release of potions, excess nutrients, and other waste products into the environment

Answer 61

Pollution

Question 62

the excess growth of bacteria that depletes oxygen from the water

Answer 62

Eutrophication

Question 63

caused by excess fertilizer runoff

Answer 63

Eutrophication

Question 64

Results in large fish kills

Answer 64

eutrophication

Question 65

the release of potions, excess nutrients, and other waste products into the environment

Answer 65

pollution

Question 66

most abundant atmospheric pollutant, associated with climate change

Answer 66

carbon dioxide