Chapter 16: Digestive System Flashcards
(22 cards)
What is the Lumen?
The inside, or hollow space within the digestive tube (not to be confused with Mucus)
Define Mucosa.
It’s the innermost layer of the digestive tract.
Where is the submucosa?
It’s a connective tissue layer that lies just below the mucosa.
In addition to peristaltic contractions, this other type of contraction in the GI tract produces a “back-and-forth” or “swishing” type of intestinal motility.
Segmentation
What is the Serosa?
It’s the outermost covering or coat of the digestive tube.
This large double fold of peritoneal tissue is called the ____, and it helps keep the abdominal organs in their places.
mesentery
Define Frenulum.
It’s the thin membrane that attaches the tongue to the floor of the mouth.
What function does the Uvula conduct?
The uvula and the soft palate prevent any food and liquid from entering the nasal cavities above the mouth and also assist in speech and swallowing.
Name the 4 types of teeth.
- Incisor
- Canine
- Premolar
- Molar
After food has been chewed, it is formed into a small rounded mass called a ___ so that it can be swallowed.
bolus
What is another word for “baby teeth?”
deciduous teeth
Saliva also contains mucus and a digestive enzyme called salivary ____, which begins the process of breaking down complex carbohydrates.
amylase
The pharynx as a whole is subdivided into three anatomical components: ____, ____, and ____.
nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx
What are the sphincters at each end of the esophagus and what function do they serve in the body?
Sphincters are valvelike rings of muscle tissue that often surround tubular structures or body openings. They normally act to keep ingested material moving in one direction down the tube.
What are the 3 divisions of the stomach?
The fundus, body, and pylorus.
The inner wall of the small intestine is covered by numerous folds of mucous membrane called ____.
plicae
What is the largest exocrine gland in the body?
The liver
What are primary functions of bile?
Both emulsification of lipids and elimination of cholesterol from the body
What organ acts as both an exocrine gland and an endocrine glands that secretes hormones into the blood?
The pancreas
The ____ layer of the peritoneum lines the abdominal cavity. The ___ layer of the peritoneum forms the outer, or covering, layer of each abdominal organ.
parietal, visceral
What are two prominent extensions of the peritoneum?
The mesentery and the greater omentum.
What are the 3 pairs of salivary glands?
The parotids, submandibulars, and sublinguals
