Chapter 16 Extraoral and Intraoral Assessment

Question 1

Indicates a change in structure of an organ or part attributable to injury or disease.

Answer 1

Lesion

Question 2

Finding that is a variation from normal.

Answer 2

Atypical finding

Question 3

Proving to be a serious or even fatal finding.

Answer 3

Abnormal finding

Question 4

Palpation methods

Answer 4

digital, bidigital, manual, bimanual, bilateral palpation, circular compression

Question 5

Palpable lymph nodes with increase in size and consistency

Answer 5

Lymphadenopathy

Question 6

63% of individuals with oral cancer have what?

Answer 6

Enlarges lymph nodes

Question 7

Atypical findings of extraoral skin evaluation

Answer 7

Moles, freckles, scarring, piercings, or tattoos

Question 8

Abnormal findings of extraoral skin evaluation

Answer 8

Needle marks resulting from drug use, trauma with domestic abuse

Question 9

Atypical findings of the frontal region during an EO exam

Answer 9

Tenderness and increased temperature from sinusitis

Question 10

Abnormal findings of the frontal region during an EO exam

Answer 10

Pigmented, red, or ulcerous lesions with skin cancer

Question 11

Atypical findings of parietal/occipital regions during an EO exam

Answer 11

Debris found on the scalp/hair, palpable non-tender node with scarring from a past chronic infection

Question 12

Abnormal findings of parietal/occipital regions during an EO exam

Answer 12

Scalp lesions, soft/tender/enlarged/freely movable nodes associated with an acute infection, hard/nontender/fixed nodes associated with a chronic infection/cancer, infections from piercings, hair loss from alopecia/chemo/eating disorder/hormone or nutritional disorder

Question 13

The identification of a condition by differentiating pathologic processes that may produce similar lesions.

Answer 13

Differential diagnosis

Question 14

A lesion that has defined borders

Answer 14

Well circumcised

Question 15

Lesions with margins that merge

Answer 15

Coalescing

Question 16

Thinning of tissue layers with shiny and translucent appearance

Answer 16

Atrophy

Question 17

Large, circumcised blister containing clear watery fluid or blood

Answer 17

Bulla

Question 18

Flat nonpalpable area (e.g. petechiae)

Answer 18

Macule

Question 19

Elevated solid mass deeper and firmer than a papule (e.g. palatal torus)

Answer 19

Nodule

Question 20

Palpable circumcised solid elevation

Answer 20

Papule

Question 21

Discrete, slightly elevated area of altered texture or coloration (e.ge hairy leukoplakia)

Answer 21

Plaque

Question 22

Similar to a vesicle but filled with pus (e.g. abscess)

Answer 22

Pustule

Question 23

Deep loss of epithelial layer that may extend to connective tissue layers (e.g. aphthous ulcer)

Answer 23

Ulcer

Question 24

Small circumcised blister filled with clear watery fluid (e.g. cold sore)

Answer 24

Vesicle

Question 25

Wrinkled surface texture of a lesion

Answer 25

Corrugated

Question 26

Central depression in a lesion

Answer 26

Central depression

Question 27

Hard covering that is comprised of dried serum, pus, blood, or a combination on a lesion's surface

Answer 27

Crust

Question 28

Surface texture that may exhibit ridges and irregularities

Answer 28

Fissured

Question 29

Hardness of tissue from an increased number of epithelial cells regarding a lesion

Answer 29

Induration

Question 30

Rough surfaces that contain small nodulations or elevated projections

Answer 30

Papillary

Question 31

Loose membranous surface layer of exudate that contains microorganisms formed during an inflammatory reaction

Answer 31

Pseudomembrane

Question 32

Deep lesion that pushes up and stretches surface tissue

Answer 32

Smooth

Question 33

Rough wartlike surface with multiple irregular folds regarding a lesion

Answer 33

Verrucous

Question 34

If a lesion has a broad base of attachment to the surface as wide as the lesion itself, the attachment is what?

Answer 34

Sessile

Question 35

Lesion with a narrow pedicle or stalk like base of attachment to the surface

Answer 35

Pedunculated

Question 36

Degree of firmness or density of tissue

Answer 36

Consistency

Question 37

If a wave or passing force can be detected through a lesion

Answer 37

Fluctuance

Question 38

Temporary loss of fluctuance from brief evacuation of lesion fluid into surrounding tissue

Answer 38

Emptiability

Question 39

Describes lesion that is freely movable from surrounding tissue

Answer 39

Mobility

Question 42

Objective condition that clinicians can directly observe

Answer 42

Sign

Question 43

Subjective condition reported by a patient

Answer 43

Symptom

Question 44

Continued presence because of a failure to heal during a 2-week time period

Answer 44

Chronicity

Question 45

Loss of partial thickness of skin surface layers resulting from destruction of epithelial integrity from cell maturation discrepancy, loss of intercellular attachments, and disruption of basement membrane

Answer 45

Erosion

Question 46

Red patch that is smooth, granular, and velvety and that cannot be diagnosed as any other lesion without biopsy

Answer 46

Erythroplakia

Question 47

Abnormal patch with a combination of both red and white tissue color changes

Answer 47

Erythroleukoplakia

Question 48

Surface texture that may exhibit ridges and irregularities, reflecting abnormal cell growth

Answer 48

Fissured

Question 49

Immobility in contrast to surrounding tissue, resulting from abnormally dividing cells that invade into deep areas such as muscle and bone

Answer 49

Fixation

Question 50

Hardness, primarily resulting from an increase in the number of surrounding epithelial cells from an inflammatory infiltrate

Answer 50

Induration

Question 51

White plaquelike lesions that cannot be wiped off and cannot be diagnosed as any other lesion without a biopsy

Answer 51

Leukoplakia

Question 52

Involvement of regional lymph nodes/tonsils, resulting in firm and enlarged nodes, possibly fixed and painless nodes in the patient with cancer

Answer 52

Lymphadenopathy

Question 53

Loss of full thickness of skin surface layers resulting from the destruction of epithelial integrity from cell maturation discrepancy, loss of intercellular attachments, and disruption of basement membrane

Answer 53

Ulceration

Question 54

Achieved after receiving test results such as biopsies, that are performed to determine whether a certain disease or condition is present

Answer 54

Definitive diagnosis

Question 55

The surgical removal of a section of tissue for the purpose of diagnosing, estimating prognosis, and monitoring disease

Answer 55

Biopsy

Question 56

The sample cells to be examined are collected by scraping the surface of a lesion with a cotton swab

Answer 56

Exfoliative cytology

Question 57

Evaluation method using a special brush to remove sample cells from lesions that may not otherwise be subjected to biopsy because of only having atypical appearance

Answer 57

Transepithelial cytology

Question 58

Differentially stains cells based on their nuclear configuration, selectively up took by abnormal cells

Answer 58

Toluidine blue dye