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DH102 Dental Hygiene Theory II > Chapter 18 Assessment of Deposits and Stain > Flashcards

Chapter 18 Assessment of Deposits and Stain Flashcards

(57 cards)

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1
Q

Materia Alba

A

Loose accumulation of food debris, cottage cheese texture

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2
Q

Disclosants

A

Make oral biofilm clinically visible. should be applied after oral and periodontal assessment

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3
Q

Oral biofilm is classified by:

A

Location, amount, extent

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4
Q

Calculus aka pyorrhea

A

oral biofilm that has been mineralized by calcium and phosphate salts from saliva

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5
Q

Supragingival calculus

A

mineralized oral biofilm formed above free gingival margin

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6
Q

Subgingival calculus

A

mineralized oral biofilm formed below free gingival margin, more tenacious

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7
Q

Exogenous stains

A

originates from sources outside the tooth, i.e. food, beverages, tobacco, chromogenic bacteria

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8
Q

Endogenous stains

A

originates from within the tooth, i.e tetracycline, pulpal trauma, dentinogenesis, amelogenesis

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9
Q

Intrinsic stains

A

Incorporated within the tooth structure, cannot be removed via scaling, i.e. fever, trauma, infection, fluorosis

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10
Q

Extrinsic stains

A

Affects outermost layer of tooth, can be removed via scaling, i.e. red wine, tobacco, coffee, blueberries, etc.

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11
Q

Different types of staining:

A

orange stain, black-line stain, tetracycline stain

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12
Q

Planktonic bacteria

A

Free floating

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13
Q

Bacterial species associated with periodontal health are?

A

S. mitis, S. sanguinis, S. gordonii, S. oralis

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14
Q

Bacteria associated with periodontitis are?

A

Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, Tannerella forsythia, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans

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15
Q

What are the stages of oral biofilm formation?

A
  • Pellicle formation
  • Colonization
  • Bacterial growth and maturation
  • Dispersion
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16
Q

Acquired pellicle

A

A tenacious, unstructured, homogenous, insoluble, acellular protein film compromised of glycoproteins found in saliva on tooth surfaces, firm surfaces in the oral cavity, and old calculus

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17
Q

What happens during the colonization stage of oral biofilm?

A

Microorganisms attach to the acquired pellicle and begin sessile colonies.

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18
Q

What happens during the growth and maturation stage of oral biofilm?

A

Adherent bacteria secrete extracellular polysaccharides to form a water-insoluble slime matrix. The matrix is sticky and facilitates microbial adhesion

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19
Q

What happens during the dispersion stage of oral biofilm?

A

Bacteria within the interior of the oral biofilm slow their growth and become static, deep within the oral biofilm bacteria show signs of death but surface bacteria remain intact. Some bacteria detach and relocate to form in great amounts.

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20
Q

Chromogenic bacteria

A

color-producing bacteria

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21
Q

Green extrinsic stains

A

Caused by chromogenic bacteria and fungi from poor OH, can’t be scaled because of demineralized enamel, remove with toothbrush or light polish, hydro. perox.

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22
Q

Black extrinsic stains

A

Caused by iron in saliva, exposure to iron or iron-containing oral solutions, can be scaled because of calculus like nature and selectively polished

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23
Q

Black-line extrinsic stain

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A

Most common in middle aged women with good OH, 1mm band, associated with bacteria and iron in saliva, scale and polish selectively

24
Q

Orange extrinsic stain

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A

Caused by chromogenic bacteria from poor OH, scale and polish selectively

25
Brown extrinsic stain
caused by tobacco, tars from smoking, chewing, food/beverage, tannins, scale and polish selectively
26
Brown extrinsic stain (chemotherapeutic agents)
Caused by stannous fluoride, chlorohexidine, or cetylpyridinium chloride mouth rinses, scale and polish selectively
27
Gray/brown/green extrinsic stain
caused by marijuana, scale and polish selectively
28
Yellow extrinsic stain
caused by oral biofilm, have pt. remove during toothbrushing
29
Blue-green extrinsic stain
Caused by mercury and lead dust, scale and polish selectively
30
Red-black extrinsic stain
Chewing betel nut, found in S. Asian cultures, cale and polish selectively
31
Dental fluorosis (intrinsic)
Caused by excessive fluoride ingestion during enamel development, cannot be removed by scaling or polishing.
32
Enamel hypocalcification (intrinsic)
Caused by high fever during enamel formation, cannot be removed by scaling or polishing
33
Demineralization
Acid erosion of the enamel caused by oral biofilm, cannot be removed via scaling or polishing, rec. 0.5% sodium fluoride rinses for remineralization
34
Tetracycline staining (intrinsic)
Use of tetracycline during tooth development, cannot be removed via scaling or polishing
35
What materials are recommended for deposit assessments?
Light, compressed air, mouth mirror, periodontal explorer, gauze, disclosing solution
36
Oral hygiene indices measure and accomplish what?
- Establish a baseline for OH and monitor progress, motivate patient - Survey OH status within a population - Eval. an intervention i.e. drug, device, etc. - Monitor and establish baseline for OH in a target population
37
Criteria for an effective dental index
- Simple to use - Minimal discomfort to patient - Time efficient - Cost effective - Statistically valid - Translates clinical descriptions to numeric values on a graduated scale
38
Oral Debris Index DI-S scoring 0
No debris or stain present
39
Oral Debris Index DI-S scoring 1
Soft debris covers one-third or less of the tooth surface being examined or extrinsic stains without debris are present, regardless of surface area covered.
40
Oral Debris Index DI-S scoring 2
Soft debris covers more than one-third of the area being examined but not more than two-thirds of the exposed tooth surface
41
Oral Debris Index DI-S scoring 3
Soft debris covers more than two-thirds of the exposed tooth surface
42
Calculus Index CI-S scoring 0
No calculus present
43
Calculus Index CI-S scoring 1
Supragingival calculus covers one-third or less of the exposed tooth surface being examined.
44
Calculus Index CI-S scoring 2
Supragingival calculus covers more than one-third but not more than two-thirds of the exposed tooth surface, or individual flecks of subgingival calculus are around the cervical portion of the tooth.
45
Calculus Index CI-S scoring 3
Supragingival calculus covers more than two-thirds of the exposed tooth surface, or continuous heavy band of subgingival calculus is present around the cervical portion of the tooth
46
Interpretation of DI-S and CI-S scores
- 0.0 = excellent - 0.1-0.6 = good OH - 0.7-1.8 = fair OH - 1.9-3.0 = poor OH
47
Plaque Control Record
Records the presence of plaque on all individual tooth surfaces, enabling the patient to monitor progress over time.
48
Plaque-Free Score
Measures the location, number, and percentage of plaque-free surfaces in the entire mouth.
49
Plaque Index (PI)
Assesses the thickness of oral biofilm at the gingival area and general oral biofilm accumulation
50
Patient Hygiene Performance (PHP)
Assess the extent of oral biofilm and debris over a tooth surface as an indication of oral cleanliness
51
Which of the following protects oral biofilm from the host's immune response and antimicrobial agents? A. calcium and phosphate B. fluid channels C. Acquired pellicle D. Slime layer
D. slime layer
52
In the early stages of oral biofilm development, it is primarily made up of which of the following forms of bacteria? A. cocci B. spirochetes C. vibrios D. motile forms
A. cocci
53
What best describes the stages of oral biofilm formation?
Acquired pellicle formation, bacteria adhere to tooth surface, bacteria multiply and colonize
54
The longer oral biofilm remains undisturbed, the greater is its pathologic potential. In periodontal disease, there is a shift in oral biofilm bacteria to higher portions of gram-negative and anaerobic bacteria. True or false?
True
55
Calculus is formed due to the presence of which of the following? A. proteins B. acid from bacteria C. minerals in saliva D. carbohydrates E. organic components of saliva
C. Minerals in saliva
56
Which of the following provide the source for the formation of acquired pellicle? a. minerals from saliva b. matrix produced by oral biofilm c. glycoproteins from saliva d. bacterial by-products
c. glycoproteins from saliva
57
When oral biofilm is left undisturbed, how long before clinical signs of inflammation are present?
2-3 weeks

DH102 Dental Hygiene Theory II (9 decks)

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