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Physiology Final > Chapter 16: Immune System > Flashcards

Chapter 16: Immune System Flashcards

(54 cards)

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1
Q

What is innate/non-specific immunity ?

A

doesn’t care what the specific pathogen is, just knows it doesn’t belong
- generalized response

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2
Q

What is adaptive/specific immunity ?

A

identification of an antigen through the previous memory of the pathogen
- have to know what they’re up against

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3
Q

What is the function of the 1° lymphoid tissue ?

A

production and maturation of immune cells

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4
Q

What is the function of the 2° lymphoid tissue ?

A

filters blood or lymph

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5
Q

What is the function of 3° or Ectopic tissue ?

A

arises in areas of inflammation, chronic infections, autoimmune disease, allografts, or cancer

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6
Q

What is the function of phagocytes ?

A

get rid of the bacteria or dead/damaged cells
- “clean-up crew”

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7
Q

What is the function of the cytotoxic cells ?

A

secrete chemicals that will kill any cells around it

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8
Q

What is the purpose of chemotaxis ?

A

chemically attracts phagocytes to site of infection

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9
Q

What is the purpose of opsonin ?

A

antibodies or complement proteins that tag encapsulated bacteria for phagocytosis
- promotes phagocytosis

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10
Q

What is a phagosome ?

A

the vesicle that contains the pathogen

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11
Q

What is phagolysosome ?

A

the fusion of phagosome and lysosome

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12
Q

What is the function of interferon (IFN) ?

A

prevents other cells from working with the virus
- produced by virally infected cells
- innate response

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13
Q

What is the function of Histamine ?

A

increase intracellular gaps and dilates blood vessels

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14
Q

What is the function of Perforin ?

A

apoptosis of virally infected and some cancer cells
- innate response

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15
Q

What is chronic inflammation ?

A

prolonged response and may last years
- leads to tissue destruction, and produces scar tissue

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16
Q

What is acute inflammation ?

A

immediate response and lasts about 8-10 days

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17
Q

What is the function of the IgA antibody ?

A

external secretions
- mothers produce and put into their breast milk

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18
Q

What is the function of the IgD antibody ?

A

help to activate surface of B-lymphocyte

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19
Q

What is the function of the IgE antibody ?

A

are keys in allergies and work against parasitic worms

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20
Q

What is the function of the IgG antibody ?

A

2° immune response
- can cross the placenta
- act as an opsonin

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21
Q

What is the function of the IgM antibody ?

A

1° immune response
- works against our ABO blood types
- can’t cross the placenta

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22
Q

What is passive immunity ?

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A

no memory cells
- antibodies
-didn’t active immune system

23
Q

What is active immunity ?

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A

1° (primary) immune response
- vaccinations
- activates the immune system
- is sensitized

24
Q

What antibody causes the mast cells and basophils to degranulate ?

25
On what cells are MHC-I on ?
on all nucleated cells except neuron (not on RBCs)
26
On what cells are MHC-II on ?
on antigen presenting cells
27
Which lymphatic tissue would develop after birth and in response to chronic inflammation ?
3° lymphatic tissue
28
What lymphocyte is responsible for antibody production ?
plasma cells
29
What proteins are always present in inflammation ?
c-reactive proteins
30
What can C-reactive proteins be used for ?
to measure how much inflammation a person has
31
Does innate or adaptive immunity give a faster response ?
innate
32
What is the function of the pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMPs) ?
it's a molecular/chemical pattern that some pathogens may have in common that the PRR can recognize - on pathogen
33
What is the function of the pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) ?
it's a receptor on the phagocyte that can recognize the pattern of the pathogen and identify it as being non-self - on the phagocyte
34
What are examples of innate immunity ?
- inflammation - phagocytosis - antigen presenting cells (APCs) - complement cascade (alternative pathway)
35
What are examples of adaptive immunity ?
- cell mediated immunity - antibody mediated immunity - complement cascade (classical pathway)
36
Which MHC do the Helper T-Lymphocytes have ?
MHC-II
37
Which MHC do the Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte have ?
MHC-I
38
What are examples of our first line of defense ?
skin, mucous membranes, etc
39
What is the function of the Antigen-Presenting Cells ?
forms a crossover/bridge between innate and specific immunity
40
What is another name for Helper-T-Lymphocytes ?
CD4
41
What is another name for the Cytotoxic T-Lymphocytes ?
CD8
42
What do the Helper T-Lymphocytes activate ?
B-Lymphocytes
43
In inflammation what does the release of histamine do ?
makes the intracellular gaps bigger and dilates the blood vessels - causes edema: swelling caused by a collection of fluids - increased blood flow: makes it look red and feel warm since there is more blood in the vessels
44
What is the function of Heparin in inflammation ?
acts as an anticoagulant - makes sure you have continued blood flow
45
What facilitates diapedesis ?
Interleukin-1
46
What do the prostaglandins, and bradykinins do in the inflammation response ?
cause vasodilation and stimulates pain receptors
47
What cells will the Helper T-Lymphocytes differentiate into ?
effector and memory cells
48
What cells will the Cytotoxic T-Lymphocytes differentiate into ?
active and memory cells
49
What cells will the Naive B- Lymphocytes differentiate into ?
plasma and memory cells
50
What has to active the Naive B-Lymphocytes ?
- when exposed to an antigen - the Helper T-Interleukins
51
What do Effector cells do ?
do the actual work of phagocytosis
52
What do Action cells do ?
actually make the antibodies and produce the cytotoxin
53
What part of the antibody is constant and never changes ?
Fc region - activates innate leukocyte activity
54
What part of the antibody is variable ?
Fab region - antibody specific

Physiology Final (5 decks)

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