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PSYC 375 > Chapter 16 - Mood Disorders > Flashcards

Chapter 16 - Mood Disorders Flashcards

(51 cards)

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1
Q

What is clinical depression characterized by (6)?

A 
Unhappy mood
Pessimism
Restless agitation
Lack of concentration
Loss of energy and interest
Changes in sleep patterns, appetite, weight
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2
Q

Clinical depression affects what % of the population?

A

13-20% (at one time or another)

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3
Q

What % of depressed patients commit suicide? What % is this of all suicides?

A

15%, 80%

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4
Q

What is the % concordance of depression in monozygotic twins? Dizygotic twins?

A

60%, 20%

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5
Q

In functional imagining (PET), what is observed with patients with depression?

A

Increased blood flow to frontal cortex and amygdala

Decreased blood flow to posterior temporal lobe and anterior cingulate

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6
Q

[Neurochemistry] What is depression associated with?

A

Decreased activity at monoamine synopsis (5HT and NE)?

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7
Q

Antidepressants (increase/decrease) monoamine synapses?

A

Increase

Prevent breakdown, prevent re-uptake

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8
Q

In suicide victims, what is observed?

A

Low 5-HT levels in brain

Variant of the 5-HT2A receptor

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9
Q

What is electroconvulsive therapy? What does it do?

A

Induces large scale seizure

Rapidly reverses severe depresses by enhancing monoamine neurotransmission

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10
Q

What do antidepressant treatments increase?

A

Neurogenesis in the hippocampus

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11
Q

Does latency match therapeutic lag for antidepressant treatments?

A

Yes

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12
Q

Does latency match therapeutic lag for antidepressant treatments?

A

Yes

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13
Q

When you block neurogenesis, what is also blocked?

A

The behavioural effects of antidepressants

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14
Q

Cushing’s Syndrome involves high levels of what?

A

Circulating glucocorticoids

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15
Q

True or false? People with depression have higher cortisol levels than other people.

A

True

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16
Q

What is dexamethasone?

A

Synthetic corticoid

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17
Q

What does dexamethasone prevent?

A

Normal morning rise in ACTH, and therefore of cortisol

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18
Q

What is the purpose of the dexamethasone Suppression Test?

A

Relieve depression

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19
Q

What is the purpose of the Dexamethasone Suppression Test?

A

Diagnose Cushing syndrome

Relieve depression

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20
Q

How are sleep patterns different in depressed patients (3)?

A

Insomnia
Decrease in slow wave sleep
Decreased REM latency

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21
Q

What happens in patients with bipolar depression?

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A

Alternation between depressed and manic moods

22
Q

What characterizes mania?

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A

Over-activeness
Talkative increased energy
Strange grandiosity

23
Q

Between the different states in bipolar depression, what is observed in the brain?

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A

Functional differences

24
Q

Patients with bipolar depression have (larger/smaller) ventricles?

25
What is used to treat patients with bipolar depression?
Lithium
26
What is used to treat patients with bipolar depression?
Lithium
27
What is seasonal affective disorder?
Depression that hits every winter
28
What is linked to seasonal affective disorder?
Lack of sunlight exposure during the winter (indoor lighting insufficient)
29
What are the causes of of seasonal affective disorder?
Circadian | Hormonal
30
What are potential treatments for seasonal affective disorder?
Lengthening of the "day" | Vitamin D
31
What characterizes an anxiety disorder?
Overwhelming intensity Irrational fear Intense physiological reaction (e.g. dizziness, trembling) Unpredictable
32
How can panic attacks be triggered in those with a history?
Exercise | Injection of lactic acid
33
How does the injection of lactic acid trigger attack in those who suffer from panic disorders?
Activate norepinephrine cells in locus coerulus
34
With respect to neuroanatomy, what abnormalities are observed in patients with panic disorders?
Smaller temporal lobe volume | Lesions, dilation of lateral ventricles
35
There is a (positive/negative) correlation between # of abnormalities and # of attacks/age of onset.
Positive
36
There is a (positive/negative) correlation between # of abnormalities and # of attacks/age of onset.
Positive
37
Which circuit are panic disorders likely to affect?
Fear (amygdala)
38
Using functional imaging, what was observed in patients with panic disorders?
Increased activity in parahippocampal area | Lower activity in anterior temporal lobes and amygdala
39
What do patients with panic disorders often self-medicate themselves with?
Alcohol, opiates, barbiturate
40
What is the most effective/most prescribed drug for panic disorders?
Benzodiazepines (Vallium)
41
How do benzodiazepines act?
Act at GABA(A) synapses, enhance GABA activity
42
What has been observed of 5HIAA levels in CSF of panic disorder patients?
Elevated levels
43
What type of agnostic can induce panic attacks?
Serotonin
44
What type of receptors are less numerous in panic attack patients?
5HT(1A) receptors | (Raphe, cingulate
45
What type of receptors are less numerous in panic attack patients?
5HT(1A) receptors | Raphe, cingulate
46
What agonists can reduce panic disorder symptoms?
SSRIs and some 5HT1A agonists
47
What characterizes obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD)?
Pathological orderliness Compulsions - tasks repeated Obsessions - recurrent thoughts
48
OCD often co-occurs with which mood disorder?
Depression
49
Like depression, OCD patients also show (increased/decreased) REM latency?
Decreased
50
PET scans of OCD patients reveal what?
High metabolic activity in orbitofrontal cortex, cingulate, caudate nucleus
51
What type of treatment is particularly effective against OCD and what does this suggest?
SSRI | Suggests serotonergic cause

PSYC 375 (4 decks)

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