Chapter 16: Nature/Nurture Flashcards
(25 cards)
Behaviour genetics
The study of the relative power and limits of genetic and environmental influences on behaviour.
One member of an identical twin pair may be more likely to suffer from certain disorders. This may be partially explained by the fact that the twins might not have shared
The same number of copies of their shared genes.
Our biologically rooted temperament is most clearly an aspect of our enduring
Personality.
Heritability
The extent to which trait differences among individuals are attributable to genetic variations.
Epigenetics
The study of influences on gene expression that occur without a DNA change.
-Gene function is altered by environmental influences.
Evolutionary psychology
Studies the evolution of behaviour and the mind using principles of natural selection.
According to evolutionary psychologists, our predisposition to over-consume fatty junk foods most clearly illustrates that we are biologically prepared to behave in ways that promoted the ____ of our ancestors.
Reproductive success.
Heterosexual women are most likely to be sexually attracted to men who appear to be
Mature and Affluent
Social script
A culturally modelled guide for how to act in particular situations.
A selection effect
Demonstrated when we place ourselves in environments well suited to our existing traits.
Peer influence
Demonstrated when Adam began eating green tomatoes when his classmates did even though he doesn’t really like the taste.
Culture
The transmission of shared knowledge and customs across generations.
The many professional specialties by which people support themselves and their societies best illustrate that culture enables
A division of labour.
A strong sense of family self is likely to be characteristic of those who grow up in cultures that value
Emotional closeness.
With respect to their leadership style, men tend to be ____ directive and ____ democratic than women.
More; Less
Compared with boys, girls are more likely to play in ____ groups.
Small
Gender role
A set of expected behaviours for men or for women.
Gender identity
The sense of being male, female, or a combination of the two.
Children tend to organize their worlds into male and female categories. This best illustrates their use of
Gender schema.
The home environment most clearly has a greater influence on children’s ____ than on their ____.
Religious beliefs; Personality traits
Evolutionary
Origin of a behaviour
Ontogenic
How a behaviour develops
Physiological
How behaviour is related to function of organs
Functional
Why a behaviour is enacted
