Chapter 16 quiz Flashcards
(26 cards)
How did the South remain distinct from the North?
Politically, Culturally, and ideologically
What did overcultivation cause in the Southeast?
It depleted arable land, causing slaveholder to relocate their agricultural enterprises to the new Southwest, increasing sectional tensions over the institution of slavery
What provided the funding for the Southern defense of slavery as a positive good?
States’ rights, nullification, and racist stereotyping
What did African Americans develop to resist the dehumanizing nature of slavery?
Overt and covert ways
What are overt and covert ways?
Overt: Shown openly
Covert: Not openly acknowledged
What did abolitionists develop to campaign against slavery?
A variety of strategies
- Sent petitions to Congress
- Held abolition meetings and conferences
- Boycotted products made with slave labor
- Printed literature
- Gave speeches
Nullification
Nullification is a legal doctrine which argues that states have the ability - and duty - to invalidate national actions they deem unconstitutional
What did the Northwest Ordinance ban and where?
Slavery in the Northwest Territory
What did the Missouri Compromise postpone?
The north and south were able to postpone a major sectional crisis
What is the Southern economy reliant on?
Cash crops such as tobacco, rice, cotton
What did Eli Whitney invent and why was it significant?
The cotton gin which makes the cash crop economy profitable
What did cotton lead to?
Demand for land for cotton production leads to huge increase in demand for slave labor
Market Revolution
Northern industry demand for southern cotton
Why was the market revolution a fundamental transformation in the United States economy?
The widespread mechanization of industry and expansion and integration of various economic markets both domestic and foreign
What are key factors that contributed to the economic shift?
- Technological advancements in modes of transportation
- Growing demand and employment in factory jobs followed by increased urban migration
- Agricultural shift away from subsistence farming (for self-sufficiency) towards commercial farming
Who did the market revolution impact?
- Family dynamic
- Gender roles
- Government oversight
- Regional population shifts
What will western expansion and the issue of slavery cause?
A sectional conflict
- Missouri compromise (1820)
- Compromise of 1850
- Kansas-Nebraska Act (1854)
What kind of society was Antebellum South?
Primarily agrarian society: “King Cotton”
- Lack of industrialization
- $$$ invested in slave labor
What percent of population owned slaves?
25% of population owned slaves
- Majority of southerners were not slave owners
• Southern whites support and defend institution of slavery
- Hopeful they will one day own slaves
- Racism: Felt higher than slaves in southern economy
Southern politics in many ways a…
Oligarchy (small group of people having control of a country, organization, or institution)
- Government by the few wealthy
• Plantation owners
What did southern holders control?
Southern politics
- Southern plantation owners
- Small slaveholders
- Yeoman farmers
- People of the pine barrens
Contrast with the North
- Lack of immigration to the South
- Lack of public schooling reforms
African American population in the North
- About 250,000
- Tensions with Irish immigrants
- Competition over low skilled jobs
Free black population in the South
- About 250,000
- Many restrictions on daily life
- Especially after Nat Turners rebellion in 1831
