Chapter 16 Sense Organs

Question 1

Transduce energy sensed in to electrical signal (3 names)

Answer 1

transducer, sense receptor, first order afferent neuron

Question 2

where in the CNS are excess sensations filtered to keep them from our conscious mind?

Answer 2

brainstem

Question 3

4 kinds of info about sensation

Answer 3

modality, location, intensity, duration

Question 4

how does the receptive field affect sensing location?

Answer 4

number of sensory neurons in an area determines how accurately we can determine the location of a stimulus

Question 5

what are the 3 ways our brains interpret intensity?

Answer 5

which fibers, how many, how fast

Question 6

difference between Phasic and Tonic receptors

Answer 6

Phasic will adapt rapidly and reduce sensitivity ie Smell of a candle - Tonic will adapt slowly and stimulate more steadily throughout sensation

Question 7

General Senses’ traits

Answer 7

all over body, simple structures

Question 8

somatic pain

Answer 8

more precise, from skin muscles and joints

Question 9

visceral pain

Answer 9

internal, poorly localized, more like stretch, chemo, or ischemia (lack of blood)

Question 10

pain in viscera often mistakenly ‘felt’ on superficial site

Answer 10

referred pain

Question 11

analgesic

Answer 11

pain relieving

Question 12

name the 3 endogenous opioids

Answer 12

Enkephalins, Endorphins, and Dynorphins

Question 13

how do our endogenous opioids work

Answer 13

neuromodulators that block pain and give pleasure

Question 14

define spinal gating

Answer 14

not opening the ‘gate’ at the spinal cord for pain signals - rubbing or applying pressure to change the signal being sent

Question 15

gustation

Answer 15

sensation of taste

Question 16

transducer of taste

Answer 16

taste buds

Question 17

5 sensations of taste are

Answer 17

sweet, salty, bitter, sour, umami

Question 18

3 main nerves involved in transducing taste

Answer 18

lingual (into Facial), gossalpharngeal, vagus

Question 19

Facial nerve gets sensation from…

Answer 19

taste buds on anterior 2/3 of tongue

Question 20

Glossalpharyngeal nerve collects sensation from…

Answer 20

taste buds on posterior 1/3 of tongue

Question 21

Vagus nerve collects sensation from…

Answer 21

palate, pharynx, and epiglottis

Question 22

olfaction

Answer 22

small

Question 23

transducer for smell is

Answer 23

olfactory bulb

Question 24

nerve calls are only mitotic in…

Answer 24

olfactory bulb exposed to external environment

Question 25

lifespan of olfactory fibers is

Answer 25

60 days

Question 26

transducer for hearing is

Answer 26

cochlea

Question 27

transducer for equilibrium is

Answer 27

semicircular ducts of vestibule

Question 28

ear and ear canal (outer ear) used for

Answer 28

directing sound vibrations toward middle and inner ear

Question 29

middle ear has these structures...

Answer 29

ossicles - 3 middle ear bones

Question 30

what is the primary function of the ossicles?

Answer 30

to dampen sound vibrations to help not overwhelm choclea

Question 31

tympanic membrane

Answer 31

ear drum

Question 32

Otitus Media

Answer 32

)middle ear infection (technically swelling of middle ear

Question 33

how do we get our sense of equilibrium

Answer 33

with 3 semicircular ducts that are in each of the 3 planes

Question 34

what are and define the 2 main types of hearing loss

Answer 34

conductive - damage of blockage of the structures that move sound through the ear Sensorineural - death of hair cells (or other nervous component) usually from long exposure to loud noises

Question 35

what if the transducer for vision?

Answer 35

retina

Question 36

membranes that make up the visible white part of the eye - does not go all the way around

Answer 36

Conjunctiva

Question 37

lacrimal apparatus

Answer 37

makes, distributes, and drains tears

Question 38

Transparent anterior cover

Answer 38

Cornea

Question 39

Fluid in anterior cavity of eye - secreted by ciliary body and tea sorbet by sclera venous sinus

Answer 39

Aqueous Humor

Question 40

This structure changes shape to focus

Answer 40

Lense

Question 41

Eyeball jelly

Answer 41

Vitreous body (humor)

Question 42

What are the 2 neural components of vision?

Answer 42

Retina (transducer) | Optic nerve

Question 43

Cloudiness of lense

Answer 43

Cataract

Question 44

Elevated pressure in eye from poor drainage of aqueous humor - can not be reversed

Answer 44

Glaucoma

Question 45

What are the 2 types of photoreceptor cells - only ones that produce visual images

Answer 45

Rods and cones

Question 46

Duplicity theory of vision

Answer 46

A single type of receptor can not produce both high resolution and and high sensitivity