Chapter 22 Respiration

Question 1

primary function of respiratory system

Answer 1

gas exchange

Question 2

other functions of respiratory system

Answer 2

• speech
• singing
• smell
• acid-base balance
• regulate blood pressure
• blood and lymph flow
• flood filtration for clots
• expulsion of urine, poop, and children

Question 3

Valsalva maneuver

Answer 3

take a deep breath and bare down (slows HR)

Question 4

alveoli

Answer 4

millions of thin-walled sacs for gas exchange - has baskets of capillaries covering

Question 5

principal organs of respiratory system

Answer 5

• nose
• pharynx
• larynx
• trachea
• bronchi
• lungs

Question 6

all structures of respiratory system are conductive except…

Answer 6

lungs

Question 7

name the two divisions of the respiratory system

Answer 7

conductive (moves air along)

respiratory (lungs - diffusion of gas)

Question 8

which structures are part of the upper respiratory tract?

Answer 8

head and neck - nose -> nostril -> nasal cavity -> hard palate -> soft palate -> pharynx -> epiglottis -> larynx

Question 9

which structures are part of the lower respiratory tract

Answer 9

organs of thorax - trachea -> bronchi -> lungs

Question 10

upper section of main conductive tube - contains epiglottis

Answer 10

larynx

Question 11

what structure ion nasal cavity turbinate the air

Answer 11

nasal conchae

Question 12

why do we turbinate the air

Answer 12

to warm, moisten, and filter

Question 13

function of note

Answer 13

warm, clean, humidify air, detect odor, resonating chamber that amplifies voice

Question 14

olfactory epithelium

Answer 14

structure that detects odors

Question 15

main traits of respiratory epithelium

Answer 15

• lines nasal cavity (not vestibule)
• ciliated pseudostratified epithelium
• has goblet cells

Question 16

swell body function

Answer 16

erectile tissues swells (on alternating sides) that fill with blood every 30-60 mins to replenish fluids in tissues

Question 17

how and what does the nasopharynx do

Answer 17

forms 90 degree angle in tract to trap more particles and filter air

Question 18

flap of tissue that blocks superior opening of larynx - keeps you from aspirating food

Answer 18

epiglottis

Question 19

what structure is responsible for Adam’s apple

Answer 19

thyroid cartilage

Question 20

where are the vocal cords found

Answer 20

larynx

Question 21

which structure is know as the windpipe

Answer 21

trachea

Question 22

which type of cartilage are the c rings covering the trachea made of

Answer 22

hyaline

Question 23

mucocillary escalator

Answer 23

cilia that mush mucus up ion trachea to get in to the point where it can go down into the esophagus

Question 24

slit on mediastinal surface for entrance of vessels and bronchi

Answer 24

hilum

Question 25

characteristics of right and left lungs

Answer 25

right has 3 lobes and is shorter to make room for liver | left has 2 lobes and is narrower to make room for heart

Question 26

respiratory membrane

Answer 26

layers of squamous type 1 cells, basement membrane, and capillary bed

Question 27

BP in alveoli is kept relatively...

Answer 27

low

Question 28

2 layered serous membrane covering lungs

Answer 28

pleurae

Question 29

function of pleurae

Answer 29

reduce friction, create pressure gradient,compartmentalization

Question 30

difference between quiet and forced respiration

Answer 30

quiet is automatic and run by feedback loop - forced is not always automatic ie speaking running meditating

Question 31

name the sensor, integrator, and effector of breathing

Answer 31

chemoreceptors in circulatory systems, pons in brainstem, and muscles of respiration (intercostals and diaphragm) in thorax

Question 32

breathing rate and depth are controlled by...

Answer 32

automatic feedback loops in pons and manual thought in cerebral cortex

Question 33

atelectasis

Answer 33

collapsed lung

Question 34

pneumothorax

Answer 34

air in pleural cavity outside of lung

Question 35

the measure of pulmonary function

Answer 35

spirometry

Question 36

restrictive disorders

Answer 36

limit the amount that can be inflated ie black lung, TB, emphysema, lung cancer

Question 37

obstructive disorders

Answer 37

interfere with air flow by narrowing or blocking ie asthma, chronic bronchitis

Question 38

3 types of alveoli cells are... (and their function)

Answer 38

Squamous Type 1 - for diffusion of nutrients 95% Great Type 2 - fix type 1 and secrete surfactant 5% Macrophages - dust busters, most abundant not lung tissue

Question 39

what drives our respiratory rate?

Answer 39

metabolic demands

Question 40

how do we make CO2?

Answer 40

burning of glucose and fat leaves behind CO2

Question 41

too much CO2 makes our pH...

Answer 41

pH goes down and we become acidic

Question 42

too little CO2 makes our pH...

Answer 42

pH goes up and we become basic

Question 43

what is MALT and where do we find it?

Answer 43

Mucus Associated Lymphatic Tissue - throughout respiratory tract

Question 44

90 degree funnel in upper respiratory tract for filtering air is...

Answer 44

Pharynx

Question 45

vocal cords are located in...

Answer 45

larynx

Question 46

hilum and root are...

Answer 46

hilum is slit in lung where root (vessels an d passage ways) enter lung

Question 47

where are the primary chemoreceptors of respiration found?

Answer 47

aorta and corid arteries