Chapter 16: Treatment of Psychological Disorders Flashcards
(43 cards)
Treatment
-Getting help to those who need it
-For better or for worse
Psychological treatment vs Biological treatment
-Psychological Treatment: Healing through human interaction. Environment used to change persons brain and behavior
Biological treatment: Healing through physical alteration of the brain. Drugs, surgery, direct intervention
Mental disorder
-1 in 5 Canadians suffer in a year
-Earlier age of onset over physical disorders
-Impairment in persons ability to carry out daily activities
-Poor job performance (per week, half a million Canadians are unable to work due to mental health)
-Family burden
-Treatment costs
-1/2 people seeking treatment for depression received adequate care
-mental needs were not fully met in 1 in 3 people
-3/4 children in canada have no access to care they need
-Grown after covid
Reasons people fail to seek treatment
-Not realizing they have disorder than can be treated (45%)
-Not taking as seriously and origins are hidden
-Belief they can handle it themselves (57.6%)
-Problem not serious (16.9)
-not effective treatment (16.4)
-Stigma(9.1)
-Cost of treatment (15.3)
-Availability (12.8)
-Inconvenience (9.8)
-Transportation (5.7)
Psychotherapy
-Interaction between a socially sanctioned clinician and someone suffering psychological problem
-Goal: provide support and relief
-500 different approachesL
Eclectic psychotherapy
-Involves drawing on techniques from different forms of therapy
-Therapy form depends on client and problem
Psychodynamic psychotherapies
-Explore childhood events
-Encourage individuals to use this understanding to develop insight into their psychological problems
-Client laying on couch and therapist seated faced away
Psychoanalysis
-ID, Ego, superego, defense mechanism
-Free association
-Developing insight: Understanding the unconscious
-4-5 sessions per week for 3-6 years
-Limited evidence for effectiveness
Interpersonal psychotherapy
-IPT
-Form of psychotherapy with focus on improving current relationships
-Grief, role disputes, role transitions, interpersonal deficits
Goal: relief from symptoms and facilitating insight
-Face to face
-Once a week over months
-More effective than psychodynamic (especially in anxiety and depression)
Humanistic therapy
-Negative feelings from failure to reach ones potential
-Pyramid of needs
-Person-centered therapy (client)
Existential approach
-Negative feelings stem from failure to find meaning in life
-Gestalt therapy
Person-centered therapy (client-centered)
-Rogers
-Each personal is qualified to determine their own goals and duration for therapy
-Not providing advice/suggestion but instead paraphrasing
-Growth with acceptance and genuine reactions from therapist
Therapist qualities for person-centered therapy (client-centered)
-Congruence: Openness and honesty
-Empathy
-Unconditional positive regard
-Goal is to understand and reflect client experiences and allow for free expression of thoughts and feelings
Gestalt therapy
-Goal: Become aware of thoughts. behaviors, experiences and feelings owning or take responsibility for them
-Therapist is warm and reflect on their impression
-Empty chair technique, roleplaying, feelings into action
Behaviorists approach
-Rejected theories based on “invisible” mental properties (impossible to directly observe)
-Focuses on observable behavior
-Assumes that disordered behavior is learned and that symptom relief is achieved through changing overt maladaptive behaviors into more constructive behaviors
Behavioral therapy
-Eliminating unwanted behavior
-Operant conditioning
-Token economy
-Reducing unwanted emotional responses
-Exposure therapy: Gradual exposure to feared object
-Habituation and extinction
-In-vivo and VR
-OCD
Beck Cognitive therapy
-Helps client identify and correct any distorted thinking of self, others or world
-Emphasizes interpretation of event
-Cognitive restructuring: question automatic negative beliefs
-Examine validity of belief
Mindfulness meditation: Coping with unwanted thoughts and feelings
Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT)
-Blend of cognitive and behavioral strategies
-Problem focuses
-Action oriented: Client expected to do things (exposure, change behavior, diary)
-Goals are discussed early
-Positive effects
Couple therapy
-Married, dating couple is seen together to work on problems usually arising within the relationship
-Target changes in both parties, breaking repetitive dysfunctional pattern
Family therapy
-Entire family is client
-Problem behaviors exhibited by particular family member from dysfunctional family dynamic
Group therapy
-Multiple participants (do not know one another)
Useful for groups with common problems (difficult)
-Group facilitator vs personal therapist
-Some members may dominate discussion, threaten others, privacy may be breached
Self help and support groups
-AA
-Involve discussion or chat groups that focus on particular disorder of life experience
-Group run by peer who have all struggled with the same issue
-Can be as effective as CBT
-Cost effective but may encourage countertherapeutic behaviors
Biological treatments with foreign substances
-Theriac (Rome and greece): Opium, honey, induces psychoactive effects
-Cocaine: South america: Induces stimulating effects used in shamanic rituals
-THC: China, Greece, Rome: medical, spiritual and recreational
-Beer/wine: Egypt: Psychoactive
-Plant based psychedelics: Indigenous: shamanic rituals
-Mercury and cinnabar (chinese) Achieve spiritual transformation
Antidepressants
-Initial classes
-Used today
-Effective for anxiety disorders and ED
-Not recommended for bipolar disorder; triggers manic episode
-Pharmacological companies publication effect: Antidepressants are only slightly more effective than placebo
