Chapter 17

Question 1

Respiratory System Functions

Answer 1

Exchange of gases between the atmosphere and the blood
Homeostatic regulation of body pH
Protection from inhaled pathogens and irritating substances
Vocalization

Question 2

what creates the pressure gradients

Answer 2

Muscle pumps

Question 3

Resistence of air flow

Answer 3

Airway diameter
Wider airways have less resistance
BRONCHOCONSTRICTION increases resistance
Parasympathetic
BRONCHODILATION decreases resistance
Sympathetic: 2 receptors on smooth muscles relax in response to epinephrine

Question 4

Pleural sac

Answer 4

double membrane surrounding the lungs

Question 5

External vs internal resp

Answer 5

E: Atmosphere to blood
I - getting Gasses and waste out of the cell

Question 5

External vs internal resp

Answer 5

E: Atmosphere to blood
I - getting Gasses and waste out of the cell

Question 6

Steps of External resp

Answer 6

1) ventilation
2) Alveolar diffusion
3) Cardiac Output
4) Tissue diffusion

Question 7

Type 1 vs Type 2 alveolar cells

Answer 7

T1- Gas exchange
T2 - surfanctan (producing)

Question 8

Lungb compliance

Answer 8

Willing to get bigger when it needs to

Question 9

Surfactant

Answer 9

Reduces surface tension, More is found in smaller alveoli to equalize pressure
Contains phospholipids and protiens

Premeis have bad surf concentrations

Question 10

Upper and lower respiratory tracts

Answer 10

upper respiratory tract includes the mouth, nasal cavity, pharynx, and larynx.
The lower respiratory tract includes the trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, and exchange surfaces of the alveoli

Question 10

Upper and lower respiratory tracts

Answer 10

upper respiratory tract includes the mouth, nasal cavity, pharynx, and larynx.
The lower respiratory tract includes the trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, and exchange surfaces of the alveoli

Question 11

Elastance

Answer 11

the ability of a lung to resist stretching, or return to prestretched faze

Question 12

Functions of airways

Answer 12

Warm, humidify, and filter the air

Question 13

Gas Laws

Answer 13

Dalton’s law
Total pressure equals sum of all partial pressures

Boyle’s law (PV=PV)
describes pressure-volume relationships

Question 14

Daltons law with humid air

Answer 14

Subtract 47 from total pressure

Question 15

Pressure and volume relatioship

Answer 15

P increases = V decrease

Question 16

Lung VOLUMES

Answer 16

VT: Tidal Volume (normal breathing volume)

IRV: Inspiratory Reserve Volume (Forscully pulling more air in the lungs (added to tidal))

ERV: Expiratory Reserve Volume (Forscully pushing more of air out of lungs )

RV: Residual Volume (volume that stays in lungs at all times)

Question 17

Vital Capacity (VC) (know)

Answer 17

= VT + IRV + ERV

Question 18

Total Lung Capacity (TLC) (know)

Answer 18

VC + RV

Question 19

Inspiratory Capacity (IC)

Answer 19

= VT + IRV

Question 20

Functional Residual Capacity (FRC)

Answer 20

= RV + ERV

Question 21

Inspiration and expiration

Answer 21

I - Alveolor presure decreased
E - When Alveolor presure increased
Pressure is equal there is 0 flow

Question 22

Subatmospheric intrapleural pressure

Answer 22

Normally negative -3 mm Hg

Normally negative -3 mm Hg

Question 23

Obstructive Lung Disease

Answer 23

Increase airway resistance
eg. Asthma

Question 24

Obstructive Lung Disease

Answer 24

Increase airway resistance
eg. Asthma

Question 25

Restrictive Lung Disease

Answer 25

Reduced lung compliance
Pulmonary fibrosis

Question 26

Hyperventilation

Answer 26

More O2 less CO2

Question 27

Alveolar ventilation increases

Answer 27

Po2 increases, PCO2 decreases

Opp for hypoventilation

Question 28

Dead space

Answer 28

Air found in trachea not used for gas exchange

Question 29

Total pulmonary ventilation:

Answer 29

VE = VT × Fb (frequency of breathing)

Question 30

Alveolar ventilation:

how much fresh air reaches the alveoli

Answer 30

Va = (VT − VD) x Fb

VD = Dead space volume

Question 30

Alveolar ventilation:

how much fresh air reaches the alveoli

Answer 30

Va = (VT − VD) x Fb

VD = Dead space volume