Chapter 17 Flashcards
1
Q
Muckraker
A
- writer who uncovers and exposes misconductin politics or business
- People who wanted social justice
- Nickname created by Theodore Roosevelt
2
Q
Ida Tarbell
A
- Exposed Standard Oil company
- Led to government regulation of oil companies
3
Q
Upton Sinclair
A
- “The Jungle”—> Survival of the Fittest
- Only interested in profit
- Meat packing industry
- Preservatives, Nitrates flow into Lake Michigan(lake catches on fire)
- Animal feces, sawdust (people sick or die)
- Creates the FDA (food and medicine is inspected by the federal government)
4
Q
Frank Noris
A
- Railroads
- Muckraker
5
Q
Lincoln Steffens
A
- Wrote about political corruption (The Shame of the Cities)
- Government of Philadelphia let utility companies charge their customers extremely high fees
6
Q
Jacob Riis
A
- Photographer
- Theme: Homeless children exploited by businesses
- Leads to Social Gospel & Child Labor Laws
7
Q
Social Gospel
A
- reform movement that emerged in the latenineteenth century that sought to improve society byapplying Christian principles
- Provide assistance to those who cannot help themselves
- Founded by Walter Rauschenbusch
8
Q
Settlement House
A
-community center organized at the turnof the twentieth century to provide social services to theurban poor
-Shelter, food, clothes for the impoverished
Ex: Hull House
9
Q
Jane Addams
A
-Created Hull House (settlement house)
10
Q
Direct Primary
A
-election in which citizens themselves vote toselect nominees for upcoming elections
11
Q
Initiative
A
- process in which citizens put a proposed new lawdirectly on the ballot
- Only for state stuff
12
Q
Referendum
A
-process that allows citizens to approve orreject a law passed by a legislature
13
Q
Recall
A
-process by which voters can remove elected officialsfrom office before their terms end
14
Q
Florence Kelley
A
- Believed women were hurt by the unfair prices of the goods they needed to run their homes
- Founded the National Consumers League (NCL) (Still around today)
15
Q
National Consumers League (NCL)
A
- group organized in1899 to investigate the conditions under which goodswere made and sold and to promote safe working conditionsand a minimum wage
- Put special labels on goods so people would only buy those things
- Asked the government to inspect meatpacking plants, make workplaces safer, andd help the unemployed
16
Q
Temperance Movement
A
- Led by the Women’s Christian Temperance Union (WCTU)
- Promoted never drinking alcohol
- Believed men wasted their paychecks on liquor, abuse their families, and beat their wives
17
Q
Margaret Sanger
A
- Nurse who believed that families’ lives would improve mothers would have fewer children
- Opened the first birth control clinic (American Birth Control League)
- Jailed as a public nuisance
18
Q
Ida B Wells
A
- Black teacher
- Helped form the National Association of Colored Women
- Helped families strive for success and assist those who are less fortunate
- Used money earned to set up day-care centers for african american children
19
Q
National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA)
A
- group founded in 1890 that worked on both thestate and national levels to earn women the right to vote
- Reenergized by Carrie Chapman Catt (president)
- Tried to use Referendum laws to get suffrage
20
Q
Carrie Chapman Catt
A
- reenergized the national suffrage movement
- Studied law and worked as one of the country’s first female school superintendent
- Traveled around the country to urge women to join the National American Woman Suffrage Association
21
Q
Alice Paul
A
- Well know leader of the NAWSA
- Earned her Ph. D from the University of Pennsylvania
- Formed the National Woman’s Party (Used public protest)
22
Q
Nineteenth Amendment
A
-constitutional amendment thatgave women the right to vote
23
Q
Americanization
A
- Trying to get immigrants to live an American lifestyle
- Teaching immigrants English
- Dress like middle class citizens
- Get rid of their foods and customs
24
Q
Booker T Washington
A
- Born a slave
- Said African Americans should accommodate themselves to segregation
- Shouldn’t focus on overturning Jim Crowe
- Build their economic resources & establish reputation as hard working, honest citizens
- Teacher in Alabama
25
WEB Du Bois
- Native to Great Barrington Massachusetts
- PHD from Harvard
- Criticized Washington for his willingness to accommodate southern whites
- Said blacks should demand full and immediate equality & should not limit themselves
- Should have to earn the right to vote
- Radical ways to bring about change (Not violence)
26
Niagara Movement
- group of African American thinkers founded in 1905 that pushed for immediate racial reforms, particularly in education and voting practices
- Associated WEB Du Bois
- Against gradual movement
27
National Associate for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)
- interracial organization founded in 1909 to abolish segregation and discrimination and to achieve political and civil rights for African Americans
- For middle class african americans
- Around today
28
Urban League
- network of churches and clubs that set up employment agencies and relief efforts to help African Americans get settled and find work in the cities
- For poor African Americans
- Around today
29
Anti-Defamation League
-Created to help Jewish Americans against stereotypes
30
Mutualistas
-organized groups of Mexican Americans that make loans and provide legal assistance to other members of their community
31
Progressivism
- movement that responded to the pressures of industrialization and urbanization by promoting reforms
- New ideas could bring about social justice
32
Theodore Roosevelt
- Became president because William McKinley was assassinated
- Youngest man to become president (43)
- Creates the Square Deal
- Loves nature (Started the National Park System)
- Gets mad because Taft sells off some of the National Park
33
Square Deal
- President Theodore Roosevelt’s program of reforms to keep the wealthy and powerful from taking advantage of small business owners and the poor
- Compared to a deck of cards (even playing field)
- The poor are given many opportunities to succeed
- Ensure the poor get a Square Deal by:
- Provides low interest loans so people can get an education
- Breaks up monopolies
- Markets serve the consumer
- Leads to Modern Social Welfare System
- Government takes an active role in peoples lives
34
Hepburn Act
- 1906 law that gave the government the authority to set railroad rates and maximum prices for ferries, bridge tolls, and oil pipelines
- Ex of square deal
- Gives the Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC) power
35
Meat Inspection Act
- 1906 law that allowed the federal government to inspect meat sold across state lines and required federal inspection of meat processing plants
- Protects the consumer from greedy big businesses
36
Pure Food and Drug Act
-1906 law that allowed federal inspection of food and medicine and banned the interstate shipment and sale of impure food and the mislabeling of food and drugs
37
John Muir
- California naturalist
- Efforts led to Congress creating Yosemite National Park in 1890
- Because of Muir, Roosevelt set aside 100 million acres of land to protect it
38
Gifford Pinchot
- Led the Division of Forestry (Part of the US Department of Agriculture)
- Said forests should be preserved for public use
- Head of the National Park System
39
National Reclamation Act
- 1902 law that gave the federal government the power to decide where and how water would be distributed through the building and management of dams and irrigation projects
- Ensures that everyone has access to water
- Roosevelt pushed this law
40
New Nationalism
- President Theodore Roosevelt’s plan to restore the government’s trust-busting power
- Breaks up monopolies and trusts
41
Progressive Party
- Political party that emerged from the Taft-Roosevelt battle that split the Republican Party in 1912
- Embraces new Nationalism
42
Woodrow Wilson
- Democratic candidate during the Election of 1912 (won)
- Taft and Roosevelt split the republican vote
- President of Princeton
- 1912 to 1920 President
- Led the USA through WWI
- Federal trade comission
43
New Freedom
- Woodrow Wilson’s program to place government controls on corporations in order to benefit small businesses
- Strict government controls for large businesses
- Helps small businesses get into their fields
44
Sixteenth Amendment
- 1913 constitutional amendment that gave Congress the authority to levy an income tax
- Creates Graduated income tax:
- The more money you make, the more money you are taxed
- Underwood Tariff Act
- 1913
- Required by law to paw income tax
45
Federal Reserve Act
- 1913 law that placed national banks under the control of a Federal Reserve Board
- Sets up regional banks that hold the reserve funds from commercial banks
- sets interest rates
- supervises commercial banks
- Stabilize financial aspects of the American Economy
46
Federal Trade Comission
- Government agency established in 1914 to identify monopolistic business practices, false advertising, and dishonest labeling
- Monitor big businesses and prevent monopolies
- Strengthen the competitive marketplace
47
Clayton Antitrust Act
- Saying what activities businesses could not engage in
- Strengthens the Sherman Antitrust Act
- Helps get rid of monopolies
48
William Howard Taft
- Liked high tariffs (help US businesses)
| - Fought with Roosevelt on tariffs and conservation
49
Mann Elkins Act
- During Taft's presidency
- Expanded authority of the Interstate Commerce Comission
- Helps the Hepburn Act
50
Seventeenth Amendment
-Instituted the direct election of senators by the people of each state
51
Eighteenth Amendment
-Banned the making, selling, and transporting of alcoholic beverages in the United States
52
Adamson Act
- Wanted to prevent a nationwide railroad strike (Wilson)
- Would have stopped the shipment of coal and food
- Would leave people cold and hungry
- Did not occur
53
Why Muckrakers successful
- Access to an audience (newpapers, magazines)
| - Able to evoke emotions
54
Ludlow Massacre
- People of Ludlow, Colorado who were coal miners
- Wanted safer working conditions, higher pay, and the right to form a union
- Striked
- National Guard opened fire onto tents, killing 26 women, men, and children
55
Triangle Shirtwaist Factory
- Focused attention to the need to protect workers
- Raging fire killed the workers because doors were locked
- People jumped from the windows
- Led to progressives intensifying their call for reform
56
Social Darwinism
- Ex: Monopolies
- Survival of the fittest
- Belief that some people are just better than others, same with businesses
