Chapter 17 - Blood Flashcards
(57 cards)
Blood has viscous characteristic because of its [?] elements
Formed
RBC’s, WBC’s, Platelets
Which part of the blood carries electrolytes, plasma protiens, nitrogenous substances, nutrients, gases, and hormones?
Plasma
There are three blood regulations for the body name two.
Here’s a given: Maintaing appropriate body temperature by absorbing and distributing heat throughout the body and to the skin surface to encourage heat loss.
- Maintaining normal pH - Many blood proteins and other bloodborne solutes act as buffers to prevent excessive changes in blood.
- Maintaining adequate fluid volume in the circulatory system - Blood proteins prevent excessive fluid loss from the blood-stream intot tissue spaces. as a result, the fluid volume in the blood vessels remains ample to support efficient blood circulation to all parts of the body.
Blood has protective functions such as preventing blood loss and preventing…
Infection.
Drifting along in blood are antibodies, complement proteins, and white blood cells, which help defend the body against foreign susbtances such as bacteria and viruses.
Which plasma protein makes up 60% of plasma proteins?
Albumin
Globulins
Fibrinogen
Albumin
60% of plasma proteins; produced by the liver; main contributor to osmotic pressure, carrier of other molecules, and blood buffer.
Osmotic pressure = th epressure that helps keep water in the bloodstream.
Out of the formed elements, which are the two that aren’t true cells.
RBC’s and platelets
Which molecule in a RBC that binds to and transports respiratory gases?
Hemoglobin
Most blood cells do not divide
True/False
True.
Stem cells divide continuously in red bone marrow to replace them. Thus, most cells originate from red bone marrow.
Which protein makes red blood cells red, and binds easily and reversibly with oxygen?
Heme
Red heme pigment bound to the protein globin makes what protein?
Hemoglobin.
Globin consists of four polypeptide chains, called:
Alpha chains (2)
Beta chains (2)
Each binding a ringlike heme group.
Each heme group bears an atom of [?]
Iron.
Which binds directly with oxygen.
A hemoglobin molecule can transport how many molecules of oxygen because of each iron atom can combine reversibly with one molecule of oxygen.
Four molecules of oxygen.
When oxygen binds to iron, the hemoglobin, now called:
Oxyhemoglobin
Oxygen detaches from iron, hemoglobin resumes its former shape, and the resulting name:
deoxyhemoglobin (reduced hemoglobin)
becomes dark red.
20% of carbon dioxide transported in the blood combines with hemoglobin forming a complex named:
carbaminohemoglobin
It binds to globin’s amino acid instead of the heme group.
Formation of all blood cells is known as
Hematopoiesis
this occurs in the red bone marrow.
The various formed elements have different functions, but there are similarities in their life histories. All arise form the [?] cell
Hematopoietic stem cell (hemocytoblast)
The undifferentiated precursor cells reside in the red bone marrow. however, the maturation pathways of the various formed elements differ, and once a cell is committed to a specific blood cell pathway, it cannot change. New blood cells enter the blood via sinusoids.
Erythropoiesis:
Erythrocyte production
Stages of erythropoiesis:
Hematopoietic stem cell -> ? -> Basophilic erythroblast -> ? -> Orthochromatic erythroblast -> Reticulocyte -> Erythrocyte
Proerythroblast / Polychromatic erythroblast
When an [?] erythroblast has accumulated almost all of its hemoglobin, it ejects most of its organelles.
Orthochromatic erythroblast
Balance between RBC production and destruction depends on Dietary requirements and [?]
Hormonal controls
Tissue hypoxia
Too few erythrocytes causing oxygen deprivation
Having too many erythrocytes causes undesirably [?] (Thick, sticky)
Viscous
