Chapter 17 - Endocrine System Flashcards by Spencer Caretta

Pertaining to a gland that produces an internal or hormonal secretion

Endocrine

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Medical specialty concerned with the production and effects of hormones

Endocrinology

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A medical specialist in endocrinology

Endocrinologist

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A collection of cells functioning as a secretory or excretory organ

Gland

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Chemical formed in one tissue or organ and carried by the blood to stimulate or inhibit a function of another tissue or organ

Hormone

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Pertaining to a hormone or the endocrine system

Hormonal

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Hormone secreted by adipose tissue

Leptin

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Hormone formed by the pineal gland

Melatonin

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Hypothalamic hormone, stored in the posterior pituitary, that stimulates the uterus to contract

Oxytocin

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Endocrine glands embedded in the back of the thyroid gland

Parathyroid

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Pertaining to the pineal gland

Pineal

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Pertaining to the pituitary gland

Pituitary

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Hormone present in many tissues, but first isolated from prostate gland

Prostaglandin

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Depression that occurs at the same time every year, often in winter

Seasonal affective disorder

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A neurotransmitter in the central and peripheral nervous system

Serotonin

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Anterior lobe of the pituitary gland

Adenohypophysis

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The suprarenal, or adrenal, gland on the upper pole of each kidney

Adrenal gland

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Hormone of the anterior pituitary that stimulates the cortex of the adrenal gland to produce its own hormones

Adrenocorticotropic hormone

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Posterior pituitary hormone that decreases ruined output by acting on the kidney

Antidiuretic hormone

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A hormone produced by the adrenal cortex

Corticosteroid

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Pituitary hormone that stimulates the cortex of the adrenal gland to secrete cortisone

Corticotropin

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Another name for the pituitary gland

Hypophysis

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Posterior lobe of the pituitary gland

Neurohypophysis

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Pituitary hormone that stimulates the production of milk

Prolactin

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Hormone of the anterior pituitary that stimulates growth of body tissues

Somatotropin

Endocrine gland in the neck, of a cartilage of the larynx

Thyroid

Hormone from the anterior pituitary gland that stimulates function of the thyroid gland

Thyrotropin

Thyroid hormone T4, tertaiodothyronine

Thyroxine

Tropic hormones stimulate other endocrine glands to produce hormones

Tropic

Enlargement of the head, face, hands, and feet due to excess growth hormone in an adult

Acromegaly

Excretion of large amounts of dilute urine as a result of inadequate ADH production

Diabetes insipidus

Short stature due to underproduction of growth hormone

Dwarfism

Abnormal height and size of entire body

Gigantism

Condition of one or more deficient pituitary hormones

Hypopituitarism

Deficiency of all the pituitary hormones

Panhypopituitarism

Condition of a forward projecting jaw

Prognathism

Prolactin producing tumor

Prolactinoma

Thyroid hormone that moves calcium from blood to bones

Calcitonin

Abnormal thinness

Emaciation

Abnormally thin and wasted

Emaciated

Excessive level of calcium in the blood

Hypercalcemia

Chemical element, the lack of which causes thyroid disease

Iodine

Collective term for the two thyroid hormones T3 and T4

Thyroid hormone

Medical crisis and emergency due to excess thyroid hormone

Thyroid storm

Thyroid hormone T4 tetraiodothyronine

Thyroxine

Thyroid hormone T3

Triiodothyronine

A substance that inhibits production of thyroid hormones

Antithyroid

Normal thyroid function

Euthyroid

Protrusion of the eyeball

Exophthalmos

Enlargement of the thyroid gland

Goiter

Hyperthyroidism with toxic goiter

Graves' disease

Autoimmune disease of the thyroid gland

Hashimoto disease

Excessive production of thyroid hormones

Hyperthyroidism

Severe hypothyroidism

Myxedema

Surgical removal of the thyroid gland

Thyroidectomy

Inflammation of the thyroid gland

Thyroiditis

Disorder produced by excessive thyroid hormone production

Thyrotoxicosis

A person with severe congenital hypothyroidism

Cretin

Condition of severe congenital hypothyroidism

Cretinism

Deficient production of thyroid hormones

Hypothyroidism

Radioactive element

Isotope

Of identical chemical composition

Isotopic

Additional treatment after s primary treatment has been used

Adjuvant

That which heals or cures

Curative

Congenital absence of the thymus gland

DiGeorge Syndrome

Endocrine glands embedded in the back of the thyroid gland

Parsthyroid

Excessive levels of parathyroid hormone

Hyperparathyroidism

Deficient levels of parathyroid hormone

Hypoparathyroidism

Severe muscle twitches, cramps, and spams

Tetany

Surgical removal of the thymus gland

Thymectomy

Benign tumor of the thymus

Thymoma

Endocrine gland located in the mediastinum

Thymus

An autoimmune disease leading to decreased production of adrenocortical steroids

Addison disease

The suprarenal of adrenal gland on the upper pole of each kidney

Adrenal gland

One of the catecholamines

Adrenaline / epinephrine

Pertaining to the cortex of the adrenal gland

Adrenocortical

Mineralcorticoid hormone of the adrenal cortex

Aldosterone

Any major hormones in stress response

Catecholamine

One of the steroid hormones produced by the adrenal complex

Corticoid

One of the glucocorticoids produced by the adrenal complex; has anti-inflammatory effects

Cortisol

Precursor to testosterone; produced in the adrenal cortex

Dehydroepiandrosterone DHEA

Hormone of the adrenal cortex that helps regulate glucose metabolism

Glucocorticoid

Hormone of the adrenal cortex that influences sodium and potassium metabolism

Mineralocorticoid

Parasympathetic neurotransmitter that is a catecholamine hormone of the adrenal gland

Norepinephrine

Removal of part of all of an adrenal gland

Adrenalectomy

Hypersecretion of androgens from the adrenal gland

Adrenogenital syndrome

Condition caused by excessive secretion of aldosterone

Aldosteronism

Benign adenoma of the adrenal cortex

Conn Syndrome / aldosteronoma

Hypersecretion of cortisol by the adrenal cortex

Cushing syndrome

Facial expression and features characteristic of a specific disease

Facies

Excessive body and facial hair

Hirsutism

A disease attacking a person who already has another disease

Intercurrent

Adenoma of the adrenal medulla secreting excessive catecholamines

Pheochromocytoma

Development of masculine characteristics by a women or girl

Virilism

Pancreatic hormone that supports blood glucose levels

Glycogen

Formation of glucose from noncarbohydrate sources

Gluconeogenesis is l

Conversion of glycogen to glucose

Glycogenolysis

A hormone secreted by the islet cells of the pancreas

Insulin

Areas of pancreatic cells that produce insulin and glucagon

Islets of langerhans

Lobulated gland, the head of which is tucked into the curve of the duodenum

Pancreas

Pertaining to the pancreas

Pancreatic

Hormone that inhibits release of growth hormone and insulin

Somatostatin

Antibody produced in response to an antigen from the hosts own tissue

Autoantibody

Metabolic syndrome caused by absolute or relative insulin deficiency and or insulin ineffectiveness

Diabetes mellitus

Pertaining to or suffering from diabetes

Diabetic

Low level of glucose in the blood

Hypoglycemia

Pertaining to or suffering from hypoglycemia

Hypoglycemic

Ketone that is found in blood, urine, and breath when diabetes mellitus is out of control

Acetone

High level of glucose in blood

Hyperglycemia

Pertaining to high blood sugar

Hyperglycemic

Marked hyperglycemia without ketoacidosis

Hyperosmolar

Excessive production of ketones, making the blood acid

Ketoacidosis

Chemical formed in uncontrolled diabetes or in starvation

Ketone

Excessive production of ketones

Ketosis

Decreased pH in blood and body tissues as a result of an upset in metabolism

Metabolic acidosis

An abnormal sensation

Paresthesia

Excessive thirst

Polydipsia

Excessive eating

Polyphagia

Excessive production of urine

Polyuria

Salt solution

Saline

Organic compound with fructose as its base

Fructosamine

Hemoglobin A fraction linked to glucose

Glycosylated hemoglobin

Biochemical test that uses the reaction of an antibody to its antigen to measure the amount of substance in a liquid

Immunoassay

Presence of very small quantities of albumin in urine that cannot be detected by conventional urine testing

Microalbuminuria

Agent of process that aids the action of another

Synergist

Working together

Synergistic