Chapter 17 Lecture

Question 0

What is the purpose of the OSHA blood borne pathogens standard?

Answer 0

To reduce the exposure of health care employees to infectious diseases.

Question 1

What is the infectious cycle?

Answer 1

1) host
2) exit
3) transmission
4) entry
5) susceptible host

Question 2

What are microorganisms?

Answer 2

Tiny living plants or animals

Question 3

Examples of microorganisms?

Answer 3

Bacteria. 
Viruses. 
Protozoa. 
Fungi. 
Animal parasites.

Question 4

What is medical asepsis?

Answer 4

Practices that are employed to reduce the number and hinder transmission of pathogens.

Question 5

Autotroph

Answer 5

Uses inorganic or nonliving substances for food.

Question 6

Heterotroph

Answer 6

Uses organic or living substances for food

Question 7

Aerobe

Answer 7

Needs oxygen to grow

Question 8

Anaerobes

Answer 8

Grows best in the absence of oxygen

Question 9

What kind of pH do organisms prefer?

Answer 9

Neutral

Question 10

Optimum growth temperature

Answer 10

Temperature at which a microorganism grows best

Question 11

What is the optimum growth temperature number?

Answer 11

98.6

Question 12

What are the five growth requirements for microorganisms?

Answer 12

1) proper nutrition
2) oxygen
3) temperature (98.6)
4) darkness
5) moisture

Question 13

How can you break the infection cycle?

Answer 13

Practicing good techniques of medical asepsis

Question 14

One that become infected by the pathogen.
Source of transfer of the pathogen.
Provides nourishment and growth and multiplication of pathogen.

Answer 14

Reservoir host

Question 15

One who is capable of being infected by the pathogen.

Answer 15

Susceptible host

Question 16

What are factors that make a person a susceptible host?

Answer 16

Poor health.
Poor hygiene.
Poor nutrition.
Stress.

Question 17

Most important defense mechanism of the body.

Answer 17

Skin

Question 18

Line nose and throat, respiratory, gastrointestinal, and genital tracts.

Answer 18

Mucous membranes

Question 19

In nose and respiratory tract

Answer 19

Mucus and cilia

Question 20

Traps microorganisms that enter the body.

Answer 20

Mucus

Question 21

Beat toward outside to remove pathogens.

Answer 21

Cilia

Question 22

Force pathogens from the body

Answer 22

Coughing and sneezing

Question 23

Remove pathogens

Answer 23

Tears and sweat

Question 24

Urine and vaginal secretions

Answer 24

Are acidic in nature. | Pathogens cannot grow in acid.

Question 25

Stomach secrets hydrochloride acid

Answer 25

Used for digestion. | Discourages growth of pathogens that enter the stomach.

Question 26

Process of cleansing or sanitizing the hands

Answer 26

Hand hygiene

Question 27

Most important medical asepsis practice to prevent the spread of infection.

Answer 27

Hand hygiene

Question 28

Reduces microorganisms to a safer level

Answer 28

Sanitizing.

Question 29

Resident flora

Answer 29

Normally reside in epidermis and dermis. Generally harmless and nonpathogenic. Difficult to remove.

Question 30

Transient flora

Answer 30

``` Picked in in daily activities. Grow in epidermis. Often pathogenic. Attached loosely to the skin. Easily removed by hand washing and sanitizing. ```

Question 31

Breaks down and emulsifies dirt and oil

Answer 31

Detergent

Question 32

Antiseptic hand washing

Answer 32

Use of antimicrobial soap and water. | Contains and antiseptic.

Question 33

An agent that functions to kill or inhibit the growth of microorganisms

Answer 33

Antiseptic

Question 34

Advantage of antiseptic hand washing.

Answer 34

Deposits antibacterial film on skin to inhibit bacterial growth

Question 35

Advantages of alcohol based hand rubs

Answer 35

More accessible than sinks. Do not require rinsing. Less time required to sanitize hands. Contains emollients to prevent drying of hands.

Question 36

Wear gloves when:

Answer 36

Administering an injection. | Performing venipuncture.

Question 37

Sterile gloves used for.

Answer 37

Dressing changes. | Minor office surgery.

Question 38

Purpose of OSHA

Answer 38

To assist employers in providing a safe and healthy working environment for their employees

Question 39

Reasonably anticipated skin, eye, mucous membrane, or parental contact with blood or other potentially infectious membranes.

Answer 39

Occupational exposure

Question 40

OPIM

Answer 40

Other potentially infectious materials

Question 41

Piercing of skin barrier or mucous membranes

Answer 41

Parenteral

Question 42

Pathogenic microorganism in human blood that can cause disease

Answer 42

Bloodborne pathogens. BBPs

Question 43

Semen, vaginal secretions, body fluids

Answer 43

OPIM

Question 44

The presence or reasonably anticipated presence of blood or OPIM on an item or surface

Answer 44

Contaminated

Question 45

The use of physical or chemical means to remove, inactivate or destroy BBPs on a surface or item so that they are no longer capable of transmitting infectious particles and the surface or item is rendered safe for handling, use , or disposal

Answer 45

Decontamination

Question 46

Skin that has a break in the surface

Answer 46

Nonintact skin

Question 47

Any eye, nose, mouth, or other mucous membrane, Nonintact skin, or parenteral contact with blood or OPIM that results from an employees duties

Answer 47

Exposure incident

Question 48

To identify employees who must follow OSHA Bloodborne pathogen standards

Answer 48

Exposure determination

Question 49

Documents the specific health and safety control measures that are taken to eliminate or minimize risk of occupational exposure

Answer 49

The method of compliance

Question 50

Post exposure follow up plan

Answer 50

1) method of documenting and investigating an exposure incident 2) post exposure evaluation 3) medical treatment 4) follow up

Question 51

Sharps injury log

Answer 51

1) type and brand of device injured on 2) location of incident 3) explanation of how incident occurred

Question 52

Measures that isolate or remove health hazards from workplace. Must be examined, maintained, or replaced as required to ensure their effectiveness.

Answer 52

Engineering controls

Question 53

A device that, on the basis of reasonable judgement, will make and exposure incident involving a contaminated sharp less likely to occur

Answer 53

Safer medical device

Question 54

ECP must include documentation that:

Answer 54

- safer medical devices are being evaluated and implemented - input was obtained from employees in selecting safer medical devices Exposure Control Plan

Question 55

Reduce likelihood of exposure by alternating manner in which the technique is performed

Answer 55

Work place controls

Question 56

Work place controls include:

Answer 56

- perform all procedures involving blood or OPIM in a manner to minimize splashing, spraying, spattering, and generation of droplets of these substances - observe warning labels on biohazard containers and appliances - bandage cuts and other lesions on the hands before gloving.

Question 57

Contaminated objects that can penetrate the skin

Answer 57

Contaminated sharps

Question 58

Clothing or equipment that protects an individual from contact with blood or OPIM

Answer 58

PPE personal protective equipment

Question 59

All human blood and certain body fluids are treated as if known to be infectious for HIV, hep B, Hep C, and other BBPs Must be observed by OSHA

Answer 59

Universal precautions

Question 60

Any waste that poses a threat to health and safety

Answer 60

RMW | Regulated medical waste

Question 61

RMW includes:

Answer 61

-any liquid or semiliquid blood or OPIM -contaminated sharps -

Question 62

Biggest threats to health care workers

Answer 62

hep b | Hep c

Question 63

- infection of liver - caused by HBV - more common

Answer 63

Hepatitis b

Question 64

Treatment administered after exposure to an infectious disease to prevent the disease

Answer 64

Post exposure prophylaxis

Question 65

Chronic disorder of the immune system Eventually destroys body's ability to fight infection Caused by HIV

Answer 65

AIDS | Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

Question 66

Refers to the last stage in HIV

Answer 66

AIDS

Question 67

Infections that result from a defective immune system that cannot defend itself from pathogens normally found in the environment.

Answer 67

Opportunistic infections