Chapter 17: Negative Punishment Flashcards
(20 cards)
Contingent Observation
Type of non-exclusionary timeout which is contingent on on the occurrence of the problem behavior, the person is removed from a reinforcing activity for brief time and required to sit and observe other people as they continue to engage in activity
Exclusionary time-out
Person is removed from the room (reinforcing environment) where the problem behavior occurred and is taken to another room. This removes the person from all sources of positive reinforcement
Non-exclusionary time-out
Type of timeout procedure in which contingent on the problem behavior the person is removed from all sources of reinforcement but is not removed from the room where the problem behavior occurred
Response cost
A negative punishment procedure in which contingent on behavior a specified amount of a reinforcer is removed
Time-in
The environment from which the child is removed during the use of time-out. The time-in environment should be positively reinforcing for time-out to be effective
Time-out
Loss of access to positive reinforcers for a brief period contingent on the problem behavior
Time-out from positive reinforcement
a type of negative punishment in which contingent on the occurrence of problem behavior the person loses access to positive reinforcers for a brief period. Typically, the person is removed from reinforcing environment in a time-out procedure
What is the purpose of negative punishment procedures?
To decrease problem behavior in the future
Negative punishment procedures include techniques like time out and response cost.
What occurs during a Time Out?
The child is removed from the reinforcing environment for a brief period of time
This procedure aims to decrease the occurrence of problem behavior.
What is Nonexclusionary Time Out?
Not removed from the ongoing activity but receives a signal indicating a period in which he or she cannot earn reinforcers
Found effective in reducing problem behavior.
What is Exclusionary Time Out?
Removed from opportunities for reinforcement without being isolated
Effective but limited research shows it may be less effective than nonexclusionary timeout.
What is Isolation Time Out?
Most restrictive time out procedure; removed from the reinforcing environment and placed in a separate, less reinforcing environment
Considered risky with children who may harm themselves.
What is the first step in using Time Out?
Start with a functional assessment to identify the reinforcer for the problem behavior
This helps in understanding the underlying reasons for the behavior.
What must be ensured about the ‘time in’ environment?
It must be reinforcing
This encourages desirable behaviors and makes time out more effective.
List the three key characteristics of Time Out.
- Brief
- Practical
- Safe
These characteristics help ensure the effectiveness and acceptability of the time out procedure.
What happens during Response Cost?
A specified amount of a reinforcer is removed or lost
This leads to a decrease in the problem behavior in the future.
What is the difference between Extinction and Time Out?
In Extinction, the reinforcer for the problem behavior is no longer available; in Time Out, the person is removed from all sources of reinforcement
Both aim to decrease problem behavior, but they do so differently.
What is the first step in using Response Cost?
Start with a functional assessment
This ensures that the approach is tailored to the specific behavior and context.
What must be considered regarding the loss of reinforcers in Response Cost?
Ethical issues must be considered
It’s important to ensure that the response cost is fair and appropriate.
Fill in the blank: Reinforce ____________ in the ________.
[desirable behaviors], [time in environment]
Reinforcement in the time in environment can help reduce the need for time out.
