Chapter 17- reproductive system

Question 1

where is sperm produced

Answer 1

in the seminiferous tubules of the testes

Question 2

where are eggs produced

Answer 2

in the ovaries

Question 3

where do sperm cells mature

Answer 3

epididymis

Question 4

what is the path that sperm travel during ejaculation

Answer 4

seminiferous tubules-> epididymis-> vas deferens-> ejaculatory duct -> urethra

Question 5

what does FSH act on in males

Answer 5

sertoli cells

Question 6

where are sertoli cells located

Answer 6

seminiferous tubules

Question 7

what does LH act on in males

Answer 7

leydig cells

Question 8

where are leydig cells located

Answer 8

in the testes

Question 9

what does FSH do in males

Answer 9

stimulates sperm maturation

Question 10

what does LH do in males

Answer 10

stimulates testosterone production

Question 11

what type of hormone is testosterone

Answer 11

steroid hormone

Question 12

what induces male sex differentiation in embryogensis

Answer 12

testosterone

Question 13

what are the stages of sperm maturation in spermatogenesis

Answer 13

spermatagonia -> primary spermocytes -> secondary spermocytes -> spermatids-> spermatozoa

Question 14

which stages in spermatogensis have diploid sperm cells

Answer 14

spermatagonia and primary spermatocytes

Question 15

what does the head of the sperm consist of

Answer 15

the nucleus

Question 16

where are the mitochondria in the sperm located

Answer 16

in the body and neck

Question 17

what is the acromosome

Answer 17

a cap-like structure that develops over the anterior half of the head of the sperm

Question 18

what is the acromosome derived from

Answer 18

the golgi apparatus

Question 19

what does the acromosome contain

Answer 19

enzymes needed to penetrate the tough outer covering of the ovum

Question 20

what is a follicle

Answer 20

a multilayered sac of cells that contains, nourishes, and protects an immature ovum

Question 21

what do the follicle cells produce

Answer 21

estrogen

Question 22

what is the narrow end of the uterus called

Answer 22

the cervix

Question 23

when does meiosis II occur in the secondary oocytes

Answer 23

after fertilization

Question 24

what are the two layers that surround the oocyte

Answer 24

inner zona pellucida layer and the outer corona radiata later

Question 25

what type of hormone is estrogen

Answer 25

steroid hormone

Question 26

what secretes estrogen in females

Answer 26

ovarian follicles and the corpus luteum

Question 27

what does estrogen do

Answer 27

stimulate the production of the female reproductive tract, contribute to the development of secondary sexual characteristics, influence libido, and thickening of the endometrium

Question 28

what is the endometrium

Answer 28

the inner lining of the uterine wall

Question 29

what type of hormone is progesterpne

Answer 29

a steroid hormone

Question 30

what does progesterone do in women

Answer 30

stimulates the development and maintenance of the endometrium in preparation for implantation

Question 31

what secretes progesterone in women

Answer 31

the corpus luteum during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle

Question 32

what are the phases of the menstrual cycle

Answer 32

follicular phase, ovulation, the luteal phase, and menstruation

Question 33

what happens in the follicular phase

Answer 33

the growth of the follice

Question 34

what hormones are active during the follicular phase

Answer 34

GnRH and FSH and subsequently estrogen

Question 35

what happens in ovulation

Answer 35

a mature ovarian follicle bursts and releases an ovum into the fallopian tube

Question 36

what is ovulation caused by

Answer 36

a surge in LH that is caused by the previous spike in estrogen levels

Question 37

what is happening during menopause

Answer 37

the ovaries become less sensitive to the hormones that stimulate follicle development and eventually atrophy -estrogen and progesterone levels greatly decline, follicles disappear, and ovulation stops

Question 38

what happens in the luteal phase

Answer 38

the corpus luteum appears and secretes estrogen and progesterone

Question 39

what maintains the corpus luteum

Answer 39

LH

Question 40

what happens in menstruation

Answer 40

the decrease in LH leads to corpus luteum atrophy and the endometrium sheds giving rise to menses

Question 41

what happens if fertilization occurs

Answer 41

the zygote and developing placenta produce hCG which will maintain the corpus luteum and ensure a continuous supply of estrogen and progesterone

Question 42

describe the cortical reaction in the ovum

Answer 42

calcium ions are released into the cytoplasm which initiates a series of reactions that result in the formation of the fertilization membrane

Question 43

what is the fertilization membrane

Answer 43

a hard layer that surrounds the ovum cell membrane and prevents multiple fertilizations

Question 44

how are monozygotic twins produced

Answer 44

the zygote splits into two embryos

Question 45

how are dizygotic twins produced

Answer 45

when two ova are released in an ovarian cycle and are fertilized by two different sperm