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Bio 100 > Chapter 18 > Flashcards

Chapter 18 Flashcards

1
Q

5 Defining features of the Kingdom Animalia

A

Multicellular
Heterotrophic
No cell walls
Mobile
Cells organized into tissues

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2
Q

Hierarchy of major changes over evolution time

A

Tissues
Bilateral symmetry
Body cavity
Segmentation
Growth by adding mass or molting
Protostomes/Deuterostome development

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3
Q

Animals first arrived

A

565 million years ago

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4
Q

Protist ancestor of animals

A

Choanoflagellates

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5
Q

Sponges phylum

A

Porifera

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6
Q

Stats of sponges

A

No real tissues
Sessile
Filter feeders
Sexual and asexual reproduction
Mostly marine
leave limestone deposits

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7
Q

Medusas, hydra, corals, man’o’war phylum

A

Cnidaria

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8
Q

Stats of Cnidaria

A

True tissues
radial symmetry
bags with tentacles
stinging cells nematocysts
Floating sessile forms
sexual and asexual reporduction
Digest prey in central cavity

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9
Q

Corals deposits are made of what compound

A

calcium carbonate

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10
Q

Flatworm, tapeworms and flukes phylum

A

Platyhelminthes

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11
Q

Stats on Platyhelminthes

A

Bilateral symmetry
3 layers of cells in embryos
Endoderm (inner) leads to digestive tract
Mesoderm (middle) leads to muscles
Ectoderm (outer) leads to skin and nerves
Hermaphrodite sex
Can reproduce asexually if cut in half
Nervous system (brain-precursor)

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12
Q

Body cavities

A

Acoelomate = Flatworms
Pseudocoelomate =Roundworms
Coelomate = Mollusks and onward

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13
Q

No body cavity

A

Acoelomate

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14
Q

Body cavity between mesoderm and endoderm

A

pseudocoelomate

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15
Q

Body cavity with-in mesoderm

A

Coelomate

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16
Q

Gastropods/Bivalves/Cephalopods phylum

A

Mollusca

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17
Q

Stats on Mollusca

A

True body cavity (coelomates)
No Segmentation
Complex structures
Nervous system
Eye
Circulatory/Excretory/Respiratory systems
Shell secreted by the mantle
2nd largest phylum

18
Q

Three parts of mullusks

A

Head/Foot/Mantle

19
Q

Earthworms, Leeches, marine worms phylum

A

Annelida

20
Q

Stats on Annelida

A

The earliest form of segmentation
Closed circulatory system
Nervous system
Including brain
Hermaphrodite sex
Molting

21
Q

Insect,arachnids,crustaceans phylum

A

Arthropoda

22
Q

Stats on Arthropoda

A

Largest phylum of animals 1 million species
Segmentation
Exoskeleton (chitin)
Jointed appendages
Sexual reproduction

23
Q

Starfish, sea urchins, sand dollar, sea cucumbers phylum

A

Echinodermata

24
Q

Stats on Echinodermata

A

Deuterostomes
Only marine species
Endoskeleton (from mesoderm)
Reproduction with separate sexes
asexual reproduction from regeneration
Nervous system
no brain
Water Vascular system
gas exchange
feeding
locomotion

25
Q

Some non-vertebrates Vertebrates phylum

A

Chordata

26
Q

Stats on Chordata

A

True endoskeleton
Notochord
flexible rod along back (cartilage-like)
Nerve cord
Pharyngeal pouches
Postanal tail

27
Q

Stats on Vertebrates

A

Backbone
Distinct head

28
Q

Stats on Fish

A

Gills
Vertebral column
Single-loop circulation
2 chamber heart
Cold-blooded
Must consume essential amino acids

29
Q

3 major groups (types) of fish

A

Jawless
Cartilaginous
Bony fish

30
Q

Stats jawless fish

A

No Jaw
no paired fins

31
Q

Stats Cartilaginous fish

A

Paired fins
Scales
cartilage bones
Mostly predators
Internal fertilization
some live birth

32
Q

Stats Bony fish

A

Largest group of vertebrates
Most fish
Ossified bones
Swim bladder
Lateral line system

33
Q

Stats on Amphibia

A

1st land vertebrates
cold-blooded
Metamorphosis
freshwater for young (exterior gills)
Water or land for adults
lungs
skin respiration
3-chambered heart for skin and lung resp.
limbs

34
Q

When did amphibians transition to land

A

360 million years ago from lobe-fin fish

35
Q

Stats on reptilia

A

aka Sauropsida
Cold-blooded
Scales
Amniotic Egg
3-Chambered heart
Lungs
no skin breathing
Sexual reproduction

36
Q

When did reptiles arrive

A

315 million years ago

37
Q

Stats on Aves

A

Feathers
Flight (most birds)
Bipedal
Warm-blooded
4 chamber heart
Hard shell amniotic eggs
Beak
Hollow bones

38
Q

When did birds arrive

A

150-200 million years ago

39
Q

Stats on Mammalia

A

Most Live birth
Monotremes lay eggs
Mammary Glands
Hair
Warm-blooded
4 chambered heart
Middle ear 3 bones (reptile jaw bones)

40
Q

Stats Hominids

A

bipedalism 6-7 million years ago
Genus Homo 3-4 million years ago
Human species Homo sapiens 250-400,000
Language developed 50,000 years ago
Modern humans 40,000 years ago

Bio 100 (15 decks)

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