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A&P 2 > Chapter 18 > Flashcards

Chapter 18 Flashcards

(58 cards)

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1
Q

What are the major functions of blood?

A

Transportation
Protection
Regulation

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2
Q

What is the purpose of transportation in blood?

A

Carries oxygen and carbon dioxide to and from the lungs
Carries/ moves hormones

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3
Q

What is the main purpose of protection in the blood?

A

initiate blood clotting
protection from bacteria

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4
Q

What is the main purpose of regulation in blood?

A

Body temperature
PH balance

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5
Q

What are the protein components of plasma?

A

Albumin
Fibrinogen
Globulins

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6
Q

What is albumin?
What does it do?

A

Smallest plasma protein
Contributes to the blood’s viscosity and pressure

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7
Q

What is fibringen?
what does it do?

A

Precursor for fibrin
Forms blood clots

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8
Q

What is globulins?
What does it do?

A

Transporting
Immunity

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9
Q

What are formed elements?

A

Cells and Cell fragments (red and white blood cells and platelets) inside plasma

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10
Q

What is the name for red blood cells?

A

Erythrocytes

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11
Q

Where are the formed elements created?

A

Red bone marrow

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12
Q

What are the different types of formed elements?

A

Erythrocytes
Leukocytes
Granulocytes
Neutrophils
Eosinophils
Basophils
Agrulocytes
Lymphocytes
Monocytes
Platelets

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13
Q

after blood has been centrifuged what layers are visible

A

Erythrocytes
Platelets / leukocytes
Plasma

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14
Q

After centrifugation what does each layer contain?

A

First layer:
Second layer:
Third layer: water, nutrients, waste, proteins, and hormones

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15
Q

Do males or females have a higher concentration of erythrocytes (red blood cells)

A

Males

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16
Q

When thinking about the components of plasma albumin, globulin and fibrinogen where are they made?

A

In the liver

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17
Q

What is the lifecycle of an erythrocyte?

A

First: erythropoiesis
Second: erythrocyte homeostasis
Third: erythrocyte death

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18
Q

What is the full cycle of erythropoiesis?

A

Hematopoietic stem cell
Colony forming unit (erythrocyte)
Precursor cells (erythroblasts, reticulocytes)
Mature erythrocytes

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19
Q

What is a reticulocyte?

A

An almost mature erythrocyte that is in the blood stream but still has some left over ribosomes

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20
Q

What is hemoglobin?

A

Red color gas

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21
Q

Where is hemoglobin found?

A

Within red blood cells

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22
Q

What does hemoglobin do?

A

Transports oxygen and carbon dioxide
Balances blood pH

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23
Q

How does hemoglobin transport oxygen and carbon dioxide?

A

Hemoglobin it’s non-protein heme to attach to oxygen and travel throughout the blood

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24
Q

As specific as you can be what carries oxygen through the blood

Study These Flashcards
A

Heme in hemoglobin

25
What are the causes of sickle cell anemia?
Incorrect hemoglobin gene which causes the erythrocytes to become sticky, clump together in starved tissue from oxygen
26
What are the symptoms of sickle cell anemia?
Kidney and heart failure Stroke Severe joint pain Paralysis
27
What is hematopoiesis
The production of blood and it’s formed elements
28
What are Hematopoietic stem cells? Where are they found?
A stem cell designed to develop into multiple mature cell types they can be found in bone marrow 
29
What is a blood group?
Classification of blood based on different proteins and antibodies on the surface of red blood cells
30
What is an antigen?
Protein Glycoproteins Glycolipids
31
What are antibodies?
Secreting proteins that support immune function
32
Where can antigens and antibodies be found?
Antigens can be found on the surface of erythrocytes and antibodies can be found found to antigens
33
Which phenotypes produce, which antigens and which antibodies
Type A: antigen A, antibody anti-B Type B: antigen B, antibody anti-A Type AB: antigen A and B, antibody neither Type O: antigen neither, antibody anti-A and anti-B
34
Who can receive blood from type A Who can give blood to type A
Recieve Type A, AB Give Type A or O
35
Who can receive blood from type B Who can give blood to type B?
Receive type B, AB Give type B or O
36
Who can receive blood from type AB Who can give blood to type AB?
Receive type O,A,B, AB Give type AB
37
Who can receive blood from type O Who can give blood to type O
Receive type A,B,AB,O Give type O
38
How does the RH blood group differ from the ABO blood group?
Weather the Rh blood groups have or don’t have RHD antigens
39
What is the most common RH type?
Positive
40
RH type might be a concern in pregnant women because
Hemolytic disease of newborns can happen due to an RH negative mother carrying in our H positive baby making the antibodies attack the babies blood cells
41
Who can give and receive blood from whom regarding RH
Someone with RH plus blood can receive both Rh plus and Rh negative Someone with Rh negative can only receive Rh negative
42
What are the five types of leukocytes?
Neutrophil Eosinophil Basophil Monocyte Lymphocyte
43
What is the major function of Neurophil
Kills bacteria
44
What is the major function of eosinophil
Kills large parasites Helps with allergies
45
What is the main function of Basophil
Anti-clotting Histamine
46
What is the main function of monocytes?
Develop into microphages
47
What is the main function of a lymphocyte?
Detect cancer Immunity
48
What is the most common lymphocyte?
Neutrophils
49
What is the least common leukocyte?
Basophil
50
What is the phrase for most common to least common leukocytes?
Never let monkeys eat bananas
51
What are the granular leukocytes?
Neutrophils Basophils Eosinophils
52
What are the agranular leukocytes?
Lymphocytes Monocytes
53
What are the stages of hemostasis?
Vasospasms Platelet plug Coagulation
54
What is hemostasis?
Stopping blood loss
55
What does Vasospasms platelet plugs and coagulation do
Constrict blood vessels Create soft, sticky collagen coat Create thicker coat for better protect protection
56
What changes do platelets undergo when activated?
They adhere and aggregate They bind to collagen
57
How does low vitamin K impact coagulation?
pull electrons from proteins and if you have low vitamin K, the proteins will not be shaped correctly or be able to work properly
58
How does low calcium impact coagulation?
Factors cannot fold correctly and you won’t be able to clot

A&P 2 (3 decks)

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